science

Make America Healthy Again (MAHA) is an American populist slogan and political movement led by Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who serves as Secretary of Health and Human Services in the second Trump administration. The slogan, echoing the "Make America Great Again" phrase popularized by Donald Trump and his ideology, reflects a focus on public health issues. MAHA gained broader attention after the suspension of Kennedy's independent presidential campaign in August 2024 and his subsequent endorsement of Trump.

Gershon Baskin (Hebrew: גרשון בסקין; born 2 May 1956) is an Israeli columnist, social and political activist, and a researcher of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and peace process. In February 2025, Baskin, together with Samer Sinijlawi, founded the Alliance for Two States.

In psychology and cognitive science, cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm and/or rationality in judgment. They are often studied in psychology, sociology and behavioral economics.

Globalizations is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering global politics and international political economy. It was established in 2004 and is published by Taylor & Francis. The editor-in-chief is Barry K. Gills (University of Helsinki).

Helen Morgenthau Fox (née Morgenthau; May 27, 1884 – January 13, 1974) was an American botanist and author of popular gardening books.

Helen Morgenthau Fox (née Morgenthau; May 27, 1884 – January 13, 1974) was an American botanist and author of popular gardening books.

Two Planets (German: Auf zwei Planeten, lit. On Two Planets, 1897) is an influential science fiction novel by Kurd Lasswitz, postulating intelligent life on Mars. It was first published in hardcover by Felber in two volumes in 1897; there have been many editions since, including abridgements by the author's son Erich Lasswitz (Cassianeum, 1948) and Burckhardt Kiegeland and Martin Molitor (Verlag Heinrich Scheffler, 1969). The 1948 abridgement, with "incidental parts" of the text taken from the 1969 version, was the basis of the first translation into English by Hans H. Rudnick, published in hardcover by Southern Illinois University Press in 1971. A paperback edition followed from Popular Library in 1976. The story covers topics like colonization, mutually assured destruction and clash of civilizations many generations before these topics came into politics.

Ada Palmer (born June 9, 1981) is an American historian and writer and winner of the 2017 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer. Her first novel, Too Like the Lightning, was published in May 2016. The work has been well received by critics and was a finalist for the Hugo Award for Best Novel.

An amniocyte (literally "lamb cell") is a cell of a fetus that is suspended in the amniotic fluid. They come from multiple tissues: the umbilical cord, fetal urinary tract, inner amniotic surface, and fetal skin. They are formed through a process of cellular differentiation and shedding from the embryo and placenta. The embryoblast divides into two layers, the epiblast and hypoblast. Cells from the epiblast and trophoblastic cells form the amniotic cavity and amniotic epithelium. Amniocytes formed during gastrulation go through a process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ingression of epiblast cells at the primitive streak. The primitive streak is formed at the posterior region of the epiblast. The epiblast cells at the primitive streak then go through EMT, losing the epithelial characteristics and becoming more mesenchymal. These cells then ingress into the embryo and form the germ layers, endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The cells near the top of the epiblast contribute to the amniotic ectoderm, which then forms the amniotic cavity. The lower cells then form a major part of the three germ layers.

Dan R. Littman is an American immunologist best known for his work on T lymphocytes. He is Professor of Molecular Immunology at New York University, an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. On October 15, 2012, he was elected as a member of the Institute of Medicine. He became a co-editor of the Annual Review of Immunology in 2013.

Pavel Grigoryevich Chukhray (Russian: Па́вел Григо́рьевич Чухра́й; born 14 October 1946) is a Soviet and Russian film director and screenwriter. He is the son of the prominent Russian film director Grigory Chukhray.

The University of Inland Norway (also known as INN University, Norwegian: Universitetet i Innlandet) is a state university in Innlandet county, Norway. It was established in 2017 as the Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, from the merger of the Hedmark University College and Lillehammer University College. It has six campuses, of which the campus in Lillehammer is the biggest, located at the television and radio center built for the 1994 Winter Olympic Games.

A fastidious organism is any organism that has complex or particular nutritional requirements. In other words, a fastidious organism will only grow when specific nutrients are included in its medium. The more restrictive term fastidious microorganism is used in microbiology to describe microorganisms that will grow only if special nutrients are present in their culture medium. Thus fastidiousness is often practically defined as being difficult to culture, by any method yet tried.

Short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) are non-autonomous, non-coding transposable elements (TEs) that are about 100 to 700 base pairs in length. They are a class of retrotransposons, DNA elements that amplify themselves throughout eukaryotic genomes, often through RNA intermediates. SINEs compose about 13% of the mammalian genome.

The Biology of the Cell Surface is a book by American biologist Ernest Everett Just. It was published by P. Blakiston’s Son & Co in 1939.

James Wright (August 16, 1939 – October 10, 2022) was an American writer and academic administrator who was the President of Dartmouth College and the Eleazar Wheelock Professor of History at Dartmouth. The 16th President in the Wheelock Succession, he served as Dartmouth president from 1998 until 2009. He joined the Dartmouth History Department in 1969 and served as dean of faculty from 1989 to 1997 and as provost from 1997 to 1998. Wright received a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Platteville and a masters and doctoral degree in history from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He died at his home in Hanover, New Hampshire, on October 10, 2022.

Ready Player One is a 2018 American science fiction action film directed by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay by Ernest Cline and Zak Penn. Based on Cline's 2011 novel Ready Player One, it stars Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Lena Waithe, T.J. Miller, Simon Pegg and Mark Rylance. The film is set in 2045, where much of humanity uses the OASIS, a virtual reality simulation, to escape the real world. Teenage orphan Wade Watts finds clues to a contest that promises ownership of the OASIS to the winner, and he and his allies try to complete it before an evil corporation can do so.

Marie Paul Auguste Charles Fabry ForMemRS (French: ; 11 June 1867 – 11 December 1945) was a French physicist working on optics. Together with Alfred Pérot he invented the Fabry–Pérot interferometer. He is also one of the co-discoverers of the ozone layer.

Anne Nivat (born June 18, 1969, in Poisy) is a French journalist and war correspondent who has covered conflicts in Chechnya, Iraq, and Afghanistan. She is known for interviews and character portraits in print of civilians, especially women, and their experiences of war.

The Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence is a quarterly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Taylor and Francis. It covers all aspects of artificial intelligence and was established in 1989. The editor-in-chief is Eric Dietrich (Binghamton University), the deputy editors-in-chief are Li Pheng Khoo (School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University) and Antonio Lieto (Department of Computer Science, University of Turin).

The activation strain model, also referred to as the distortion/interaction model, is a computational tool for modeling and understanding the potential energy curves of a chemical reaction as a function of reaction coordinate (ζ), as portrayed in reaction coordinate diagrams. The activation strain model decomposes these energy curves into 2 terms: the strain of the reactant molecules as they undergo a distortion and the interaction between these reactant molecules. A particularly important aspect of this type of analysis compared others is that it describes the energetics of the reaction in terms of the original reactant molecules and describes their distortion and interaction using intuitive models such as molecular orbital theory that are capable using most quantum chemical programs. Such a model allows for the calculation of transition state energies, and hence the activation energy, of a particular reaction mechanism and allows the model to be used as a predictive tool for describing competitive mechanisms and relative preference for certain pathways. In chemistry literature, the activation strain model has been used for modeling bimolecular reactions like SN2 and E2 reactions, transition metal mediated C-H bond activation, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, among others.

Peter Pitirimovich Sorokin (Russian: Пётр Питиримович Сорокин, 10 July 1931 – 24 September 2015) was an American Russian physicist and co-inventor of the dye laser. He was born in Boston and grew up in Winchester, Massachusetts. He attended Harvard University, receiving a BA degree in 1952 and a PhD in Applied Physics in 1958; his PhD thesis adviser was Nicolaas Bloembergen.

The Journal of Climate is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published semi-monthly by the American Meteorological Society. It covers research that advances basic understanding of the dynamics and physics of the climate system on large spatial scales, including variability of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface, and cryosphere; past, present, and projected future changes in the climate system; and climate simulation and prediction.

Damien Francis Broderick (22 April 1944 – 19 April 2025) was an Australian science fiction and popular science writer and editor of some 74 books. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction credits him with the first usage of the term virtual reality in science fiction, in his 1982 novel The Judas Mandala.

Self-organization, also called spontaneous order in the social sciences, is a process where some form of overall order arises from local interactions between parts of an initially disordered system. The process can be spontaneous when sufficient energy is available, not needing control by any external agent. It is often triggered by seemingly random fluctuations, amplified by positive feedback. The resulting organization is wholly decentralized, distributed over all the components of the system. As such, the organization is typically robust and able to survive or self-repair substantial perturbation. Chaos theory discusses self-organization in terms of islands of predictability in a sea of chaotic unpredictability.

In organic chemistry, anilides (or phenylamides) are a class of organic compounds with the general structure R−C(=O)−N(−R’)−C6H5. They are amide derivatives of aniline (H2N−C6H5).

August Leopold Crelle (17 March 1780 – 6 October 1855) was a German mathematician. He was born in Eichwerder near Wriezen, Brandenburg, and died in Berlin. He is the founder of Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (also known as Crelle's Journal). He befriended Niels Henrik Abel and published seven of Abel's papers in the first volume of his journal.

Thixotropy is a time-dependent shear thinning property. Certain gels or fluids that are thick or viscous under static conditions will flow (become thinner, less viscous) over time when shaken, agitated, shear-stressed, or otherwise stressed (time-dependent viscosity). They then take a fixed time to return to a more viscous state. Some non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids show a time-dependent change in viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes shear stress, the lower its viscosity. A thixotropic fluid is a fluid which takes a finite time to attain equilibrium viscosity when introduced to a steep change in shear rate. Some thixotropic fluids return to a gel state almost instantly, such as ketchup, and are called pseudoplastic fluids. Others such as yogurt take much longer and can become nearly solid. Many gels and colloids are thixotropic materials, exhibiting a stable form at rest but becoming fluid when agitated. Thixotropy arises because particles or structured solutes require time to organize.

François Pierre Guillaume Guizot (French: ; 4 October 1787 – 12 September 1874) was a French historian, orator and statesman. Guizot was a dominant figure in French politics between the Revolution of 1830 and the Revolution of 1848.

RP2040 is a 32-bit dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ microcontroller designed by Raspberry Pi Ltd. In January 2021, it was released as part of the Raspberry Pi Pico board. Its successor is the RP2350 series.

Spaceman is a 2024 American science fiction drama film directed by Johan Renck and written by Colby Day. It is based on the 2017 novel Spaceman of Bohemia by Jaroslav Kalfař. Starring Adam Sandler, Carey Mulligan, Kunal Nayyar, Lena Olin, Isabella Rossellini, and Paul Dano, it follows an astronaut sent on a mission to the edge of the Solar System who encounters a creature that helps him resolve his earthly problems.

In mathematics, the Heisenberg group H {\displaystyle H} , named after Werner Heisenberg, is the group of 3×3 upper triangular matrices of the form

Damien Francis Broderick (22 April 1944 – 19 April 2025) was an Australian science fiction and popular science writer and editor of some 74 books. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction credits him with the first usage of the term virtual reality in science fiction, in his 1982 novel The Judas Mandala.

Ignacio "Nacho" Tinoco Jr. (November 22, 1930 – November 15, 2016) was a Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley from 1956 to 2016.

Alan H. Fishman (born 16 March 1946) is an American businessman. He was the last CEO of Washington Mutual (WaMu) prior to federal regulators seizing its assets on September 25, 2008.

Bruno Stagno Ugarte (born 1970) was the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica from 2006 to 2010 and was the president of the Assembly of States Parties of the International Criminal Court (ICC) from 2005 to 2008 and co-president of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization conference, among other roles at the multilateral level.

Jessica Henderson Daniel is a psychologist and educator, known for her work on mental health in the Black community, racial trauma, and the effects of stress and violence on Black children and adolescents. Daniel was the first African American woman to lead the American Psychological Association (APA), serving her term as president of the organization in 2018.

A zero-mode waveguide is an optical waveguide that guides light energy into a volume that is small in all dimensions compared to the wavelength of the light.

In nuclear physics, a decay product (also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope, radio-daughter, or daughter nuclide) is the remaining nuclide left over from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay often proceeds via a sequence of steps (decay chain). For example, 238U decays to 234Th which decays to 234mPa which decays, and so on, to 206Pb (which is stable):

Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid is an organic acid most widely known as an intermediate in the synthesis of serine.

Developmental bioelectricity is the regulation of cell, tissue, and organ-level patterning and behavior by electrical signals during the development of embryonic animals and plants. The charge carrier in developmental bioelectricity is the ion (a charged atom) rather than the electron, and an electric current and field is generated whenever a net ion flux occurs. Cells and tissues of all types use flows of ions to communicate electrically. Endogenous electric currents and fields, ion fluxes, and differences in resting potential across tissues comprise a signalling system. It functions along with biochemical factors, transcriptional networks, and other physical forces to regulate cell behaviour and large-scale patterning in processes such as embryogenesis, regeneration, and cancer suppression.

Steven Universe is an American animated television series created by Rebecca Sugar and produced by Cartoon Network Studios. The series focuses on the adventures of the Crystal Gems—magical alien warriors who protect the Earth from their own kind—and the humans they interact with in the fictional town of Beach City.

Nuncius: Journal of the Material and Visual History of Science (formerly the Annali dell'Istituto e Museo di storia della scienza di Firenze) is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of science, especially the "historical role of material and visual culture in science". The journal was established in 1976 by Maria Luisa Righini Bonelli as the Annali dell'Istituto e Museo di storia della scienza di Firenze. The journal changed its publisher in 2011. It is published by Brill Publishers and the editor-in-chief is Elena Canadelli of the University of Padua, Italy.

In optics, the corpuscular theory of light states that light is made up of small discrete particles called "corpuscles" (little particles) which travel in a straight line with a finite velocity and possess impetus. This notion was based on an alternate description of atomism of the time period.

In materials science and engineering, the yield point is the point on a stress–strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic behavior and the beginning of plastic behavior. Below the yield point, a material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible and is known as plastic deformation.

Jean-Paul Gut is a trained economist and a former executive at the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS), now a part of Airbus.

The Dalitz plot is a two-dimensional plot often used in particle physics to represent the relative frequency of various (kinematically distinct) manners in which the products of certain (otherwise similar) three-body decays may move apart.

Franz Xaver Kugler (27 November 1862 – 25 January 1929) was a German chemist, mathematician, Assyriologist, and Jesuit priest.

David Duncan (February 17, 1913 – December 26, 1999) was an American screenwriter and novelist.

In philosophy, a fundamental distinction exists between abstract and concrete entities. While there is no universally accepted definition, common examples illustrate the difference: numbers, sets, and ideas are typically classified as abstract objects, whereas plants, dogs, and planets are considered concrete objects.