Tokyo City

History

In 1868, the city of Edo, seat of the Tokugawa government, was renamed Tokyo, and the offices of Tokyo Prefecture (-fu) were opened. The extent of Tokyo Prefecture was initially limited to the former Edo city, but rapidly augmented to be comparable with the present Tokyo Metropolis. In 1878, the Meiji government's reorganization of local governments subdivided prefectures into counties or districts (gun, further subdivided into towns and villages, later reorganized similar to Prussian districts) and districts or wards (ku) which were in ordinary prefectures cities as a whole, e.g. today's Hiroshima City (-shi) was then Hiroshima-ku; the three major cities of Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto were each subdivided into several such wards. In Tokyo Prefecture, this created 15 wards (listed below) and six counties/districts.

In 1888, the central government created the legal framework for the current system of cities (shi) that granted some basic local autonomy rights – with some similarities to Prussia's system of local self-government as Meiji government advisor Albert Mosse heavily influenced the organization of local government. But under a special imperial regulation, Tokyo City, like Kyoto City and Osaka City, initially did not maintain a separate mayor; instead, the (appointed) governor of Tokyo Prefecture served as mayor of Tokyo City. The Tokyo city council/assembly (Tōkyō-shikai) was first elected in May 1889. Each ward also retained its own assembly. City and prefectural government were separated in 1898., and the government began to appoint a separate mayor of Tokyo City in 1898, but retained ward-level legislation, which continues to this day in the special ward system. From 1926, the mayor was elected by the elected city council/assembly from its own ranks. The city hall of Tokyo was located in the Yūrakuchō district, on a site now occupied by the Tokyo International Forum.

Tokyo became the second-largest city in the world (population 4.9 million) upon absorbing several outlying districts in July 1932, giving the city a total of 35 wards.

In 1943, the city was abolished along with Tokyo Prefecture to form Tokyo Metropolis and Tokyo Metropolitan Government, which was functionally a part of the central government of Japan: the governor of Tokyo became a Cabinet minister reporting directly to the Prime Minister. This system remained in place until 1947 when the current structure of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government was formed.

Wards

Notes

References

References

1. "東京都年表". Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
2. "東京のあゆみ". Tokyo Metropolitan Government.
3. Akio Kamiko, [http://www3.grips.ac.jp/~coslog/activity/01/05/file/Seiritsu-2_en.pdf Implementation of the City Law and the Town and Village Law (1881–1908)] {{Webarchive. link. (10 June 2015 . [http://www3.grips.ac.jp/~coslog/en/activity/01/05/index.html Historical Development of Japanese Local Governance] {{Webarchive). link. (24 January 2022 Vol. 2 (Note on translations: This work and others consistently use the translation "assembly" for the ''elected'' prefectural and municipal assemblies (today generally [''shi/to''/etc.]-''gikai'', but in the Empire sometimes only [''shi/fu''/etc.]-''kai''), and "council" for the partially or completely ''unelected'' prefectural, county and municipal ''sanjikai'' (参事会). But other works follow modern usage and translate the elected body of ''shikai'' (as it is still named in some major cities) as city "council", and use other translations such as "advisory council" for the sanjikai.))
4. "Map of Tokyo City, 1913".