Tiger Balm

History

A precursor to Tiger Balm called Ban Kin Yu () was developed in the 1870s in Rangoon, Burma, during the British colonial era by the practising Chinese herbalist Aw Chu Kin, son of Aw Leng Fan, a Chinese Hakka herbalist in Zhongchuan, Fujian Province, China. His father had sent him to Rangoon in the 1860s to help in his uncle's herbal shop. Eventually, Aw Chu Kin himself set up a family business named Eng Aun Tong 永安堂 ("Hall of Everlasting Peace"). On his deathbed in 1908, he asked his sons Aw Boon Haw and Aw Boon Par to perfect the product. In 1918, the product was renamed "Tiger Balm" in order to gain broader appeal. By 1918, the Aw family had become one of the wealthiest families in Rangoon. By the 1920s, the brothers had turned Eng Aun Tong into a very successful business empire that produced and marketed pharmaceutical products, including the Tiger Balm medicinal ointment. Tiger Balm sold well in Burma, and was exported to China, Japan, and Southeast Asia.

The brothers moved to Singapore in the 1920s due to problems with the colonial British government. They set up a branch first at Amoy Street, then moved to Cecil Street and finally to 89 Neil Road between 1924 and 1926, at the junction of Neil and Craig Road. The Aw family founded the Tiger Balm Gardens in Hong Kong in 1935, Singapore in 1937 and Fujian Province in 1946 to promote the product. Boon Haw also established newspapers in China and Singapore; his daughter said that he spent so much money on advertising that "he thought it would be cheaper to just open a few newspapers".

In 2013, a lawsuit filed by Haw Par against the Indian company Rangoon Chemical Works, asserting that the latter's "Flying Tiger" balm with similar branding infringed on the Tiger Balm trademark, reached the Supreme Court of India. As a result, Rangoon Chemical Works made changes in the branding of its product and redesigned packaging.

In 2018, there were 10 products being sold under the Tiger Balm brand, in over 100 countries. Tiger Balm generated in revenues in 2015. Haw Par's revenues from Tiger Balm sales in India were in 2018. The product sold in India is manufactured in Hyderabad by Makson and marketed by Alkem Laboratories. Between 1993 and 2011, it had been manufactured and marketed by Elder Pharmaceuticals.

In 2024, Tiger Balm became an official regional partner of FC Bayern Munich for China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam for four years.

Composition

The base comprises petroleum jelly and paraffin wax. The packaging label states that the active ingredients are menthol and camphor.

The camphor concentration varies by country of sale; as of November 2023, Tiger Balm Red and Tiger Balm White both contain 25% camphor in Singapore and Cambodia, but only 11% in Australia as an example. This is likely due to different regulatory requirements.

A new product named Tiger Balm White HR uses eucalyptus oil instead of cajuput oil.

References

References

1. Marks, Ben. (2016-06-29). "Singapore's Beloved and Creepy Wonderland, Built on the Healing Powers of Tiger Balm".
2. Seng, Alan Teh Leam. (2020-01-28). "Tiger balm, the panacea for all ills". [[New Straits Times]].
3. Ting, Kennie. (2019). "Advertisement signboard for Tiger Balm Ten Thousand Golden Oil, Singapore, c. 1970s.". [[Culture Academy Singapore]].
4. (2006-12-11). "Chinese Diasporic Culture and National Identity: The Taming of the Tiger Balm Gardens in Singapore". Cambridge University Press.
5. Pwint, Zon Pann. (2019-11-15). "Tiger Balm – from Yangon to the world". [[Myanmar Times]].
6. Ford, Peter. (2018-09-07). "Why Tiger Balm is the secret behind this Singapore theme park". [[The Independent]].
7. Berfield, Susan. (1999-02-12). "Fall of the House of Aw". [[Time Inc.]].
8. (2013-01-27). "Sc Moved Against Tiger Balm Imitations". [[Business Standard]].
9. (2013-01-27). "Balm Maker To Redesign Packaging". Business Standard.
10. DeWolf, Christopher. (2018-02-17). "The Tiger Balm story: how ointment for every ailment was created, fell out of favour, then found new generation of users". [[Alibaba Group]].
11. Singh, Rajiv. (2018-02-25). "Can iconic Tiger Balm makers be third-time lucky in India?". [[Bennett, Coleman & Co.]].
12. (2016-05-25). "Tiger Balm: Roaring back to success". [[Singapore Management University]].
13. Tiwari, Ashish K. (2018-02-14). "Tiger Balm-maker targets Rs 200 crore in India revenues". [[Diligent Media Corporation]].
14. Datta, Jyothi. (2018-02-13). "A balm for smart-gadget users". [[The Hindu Group]].
15. (2017-02-07). "Alkem to market Tiger Balm range of products in India". [[Indian Express Limited]].
16. Chatterjee, Purvita. (2014-10-01). "As dengue, malaria threats loom, Tiger Balm shifts to mosquito repellent". The Hindu Group.
17. (2024-07-29). "FC Bayern and Tiger Balm enter into regional partnership". Onefootball.
18. (2024-07-29). "FC BAYERN ANNOUNCES TIGER BALM AS REGIONAL PARTNER IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND CHINA". FC Bayern Munich.
19. (2020-03-18). "Tiger Balm Red - Summary of Product Characteristics". [[Datapharm]].
20. (2021-04-14). "Tiger Balm White - Summary of Product Characteristics". Datapharm.
21. "Tiger Balm Ultra Strength Label Information". National Library of Medicine.