Thrissur

Etymology

The name Thrissur (Malayalam: തൃശ്ശൂർ) is a shortened form of the Malayalam word Thirusshivaperoor (meaning: Place of Lord Shiva's Name). The name owes itself to the most prominent feature of the city, which is the Vadakkumnathan Temple, which has Shiva as its presiding deity. Thrissur was officially known by its anglicized name Trichur until 1990 when the government decided to replace it with its real Malayalam name. Thrissur was also known as "Vrishabhadripuram" (Kailasam of the South) in ancient days.

History

Main article: History of Thrissur

The presence of numerous prehistoric megaliths and dolmens indicates that Thrissur has been occupied from at least 1000BCE to 500CE.

The Portuguese had naval influence in many parts of Kerala in the 16th century, including Thrissur. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Portuguese naval power was reduced and Dutch became the main naval power. With the help of the Dutch, the royal family of the Kingdom of Cochin recaptured Thrissur from the Zamorin of Calicut in 1710.{{cite web |access-date = 27 June 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426034630/http://ecostat.kerala.gov.in/pdf/dis/thrissur.pdf |archive-date = 26 April 2012

Thrissur rose to importance after Maharaja Sakthan Thampuran ascended the throne of the Kingdom of Cochin (1769–1805) and made Thrissur his capital. The Maharaja made the city into a major financial and commercial hub of South India, by inviting Syrian Christian families and Brahmins from adjoining areas.

During 1750–60 Hyder Ali, the Sultan of the powerful Kingdom of Mysore, conquered Thrissur, making it a tributary of Mysore. In 1786, the son of Tipu Sultan of Mysore led another invasion of Thrissur but retreated after the Srirangapattanam war.{{cite web |access-date=27 June 2011}} In the meantime, Rama Varma X, the successor of Sakthan Thampuran signed a treaty with the East India Company, transforming the state of Cochin into a British Protectorate.[[File:Plan of the Hindu temple at Trichur.jpg|thumb|The first known map of Thrissur City with [[Vadakkunnathan Temple]] prepared by [[John Gould]] in 1816|left]]

The Indian independence movement gained momentum after a Committee was formed at the 1919 meeting of the Indian National Congress. The civil disobedience movement attracted many people in Thrissur in subsequent years, and Mahatma Gandhi visited the city in 1927 and 1934 to promote it.

R. K. Shanmukham Chetty, the controversial Diwan of Cochin Kingdom from 1935 to 1941, developed the city by constructing Thrissur Town Hall and Ramanilayam, buildings which remain important in Kerala politics. Other important civic buildings and infrastructure constructed around this time include the Municipal Corporation Building of Thrissur and the Swaraj Round.{{cite web |access-date = 11 July 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111026003556/http://www.thrissur.gov.in/history.asp |archive-date = 26 October 2011 |url-status = dead

In 1947, when India gained independence from colonial rule, Thrissur was part of the Kingdom of Cochin. Thrissur district was formed on 1 July 1949, with the headquarters at the city of Thrissur.

Geography

Main article: Geography of Thrissur

Thrissur is the headquarters of Thrissur district, in the center of the Indian state of Kerala. The city is 75 km north-east of Kochi, 133 km south-west of Coimbatore, 124 km south-east of Kozhikode and 151 km north of Changanacherry. The city is located in a hillock called Thekkinkadu Maidan which is the second highest point in the city after the Vilangan Hills. The city has an average altitude of 2.83 meters above sea level.

From the hillock, the city gradually flattens into the Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands, which act as natural drainage for the city. The water from the wetlands flows via rivers into the Laccadive Sea, keeping Thrissur city safe from the major flooding that affects most other cities in Kerala.{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016093454/http://hindu.com/mag/2007/10/14/stories/2007101450020200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=23 June 2012}}{{cite web |access-date=23 June 2012}}{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424070830/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/08/stories/2011010860470300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 April 2011 |access-date=23 June 2012}}{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719072933/http://www.hindu.com/2011/04/18/stories/2011041854330700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=23 June 2012}}

The city is located in the midland region of Kerala, with an extended part of the Palakkad plains. The city geologically is composed of Archaean gneisses and crystalline schists. Major parts of the city are covered by Archaean rocks.{{cite web |access-date = 27 November 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426034621/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/evolution%26geography.htm |archive-date = 26 April 2012

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification, the City of Thrissur features a tropical monsoon climate (Am). Summer lasts from March to May which is the hottest time of the year. Summer months are uncomfortable due to higher levels of heat and humidity. Daytime temperatures can rise up to 36 to coupled with excessive humidity. Summer is followed by the southwest monsoon from June to September. October and November form the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season. Winter from December through February is cooler, and windy, due to winds from the Western Ghats. Winter months are generally dry and less humid compared to other months of the year. Morning temperatures are usually cool and daytime temperatures hover around 30 °C.

The city is drenched in the monsoonal season by heavy showers. The average annual rainfall is approximately 3100 mm. The South-west monsoon generally sets in during the last week of May. After July the rainfall decreases. On average, there are 124 rainy days in a year. The maximum average temperature of the city in the summer season is 36 °C while the minimum temperature recorded is 27 °C. The winter season records a maximum average of 31 °C and a minimum average of 20 °C.

| Jan record high C = 35.9 | Feb record high C = 39.7 | Mar record high C = 40.4 | Apr record high C = 39.9 | May record high C = 38.3 | Jun record high C = 36.2 | Jul record high C = 33.0 | Aug record high C = 33.3 | Sep record high C = 35.3 | Oct record high C = 35.4 | Nov record high C = 34.9 | Dec record high C = 35.5 | year record high C = | Jan record low C = 16.5 | Feb record low C = 16.9 | Mar record low C = 18.9 | Apr record low C = 19.9 | May record low C = 20.2 | Jun record low C = 19.6 | Jul record low C = 18.5 | Aug record low C = 19.6 | Sep record low C = 20.3 | Oct record low C = 18.0 | Nov record low C = 16.9 | Dec record low C = 16.6 | year record low C = | access-date = April 8, 2024

Economy

Main article: Economy of Thrissur

Thrissur is home to many Malayali entrepreneurs and is a major financial and commercial hub of Kerala. Historians say that King Sakthan Thampuran invited Syrian Christian families and Brahmins to settle in Thrissur city from their business centers in adjoining areas. Soon, Thrissur became a flourishing centre of internal trade in Kerala. Thrissur is one of the major manufacturing centers of plain gold and rolled gold jewellery in South India; up to 70% of Kerala's jewellery is manufactured in Thrissur. There are around 3,000 gold ornaments manufacturing units in the city and 40,000-odd artisans and others work in these units.{{cite news |access-date=13 December 2010 |access-date = 13 December 2010 |access-date=13 December 2010}}{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009062826/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/06/stories/2008100657330200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 October 2008 |access-date=13 December 2010

According to the Reserve Bank of India, Thrissur has been regarded as a banking town since the 1930s, when 58 banks were headquartered in the city. In the present, the city remains a significant center for banking and finance, with the headquarters of major banks like South Indian Bank, CSB Bank, Dhanlaxmi Bank, and other financial institutions like Manappuram Finance, Kerala State Financial Enterprises and ESAF Small Finance Bank.{{cite web |access-date = 15 February 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100217211409/http://www.csb.co.in/asp/0100text.asp?pageID=2&headID=27 |archive-date = 17 February 2010 |access-date=15 February 2010}}{{cite web |access-date=15 February 2010}}

The city is a hub for the Ayurvedic drug-manufacturing industry. Out of the 850 ayurvedic drug-manufacturing companies in Kerala, about 150, including some of the largest in the state like Oushadhi, Vaidyaratnam Oushadhasala, KP Namboodiris, are located in and around the city.{{cite web |access-date=13 December 2010}} Thrissur Ayurveda Cluster, another initiative by a group of Ayurvedic manufacturers of Thrissur, has developed a cluster in KINFRA Park in Koratty in Thrissur District.{{cite web |access-date=13 January 2010}}{{cite web |access-date = 13 January 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100323102726/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/10/stories/2005061003711700.htm |archive-date = 23 March 2010 |url-status = dead |access-date=13 January 2010}}{{cite web |access-date=13 January 2010}}

Retail businesses in Thrissur include Kalyan Group, Jos Alukkas, Joy Alukkas and Josco Group.{{cite web |access-date=25 November 2010}} InfoPark Thrissur, the fourth technology park in Kerala, is situated in Thrissur District.{{cite news |access-date=19 May 2010}}{{cite web |access-date = 19 May 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100706090012/http://www.keralait.org/search_result.php?project_id=1&location_id=4 |archive-date = 6 July 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814165030/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article136596.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 August 2014 |access-date=19 May 2010}} Tourism has also contributed heavily to the economy of Thrissur. Domestic tourists generally use the city as a hub to explore the highly promoted tourism industry of the state of Kerala. The city with its temples, old churches and its culture, is ranked first in the number of domestic tourists visiting Kerala.

Administration

Main article: Administration of Thrissur district

Main article: Thrissur Municipal Corporation

Municipal governance

Thrissur has functioned as a municipality since 1921 under the Cochin Municipal Regulations.{{cite web |access-date=27 October 2010}} In 1932, the new corporation building was constructed, and in 1972, several village councils or panchayats were added to the municipality. On 1 October 2000, the municipal town was upgraded to a municipal corporation and took over the towns and villages of Ayyanthole, Koorkkenchery, Nadathara, Vilvattom (part), Ollur and Ollukkara.

The city is administered by the Thrissur Municipal Corporation, headed by a mayor and comprising three legislative assemblies Thrissur, Ollur and Cherpu. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into 52 wards, from which the members of the corporation council are elected for five years.

It is the second-largest city corporation in the state of Kerala in India. The corporation, headquartered in the city of Thrissur proper, directly controls power, water supply and solid waste management system in the city. The Thrissur Urban Development Authority and Town and Country Planning Department (TCPD) are the agencies that prepare development plan for the city.{{cite web |access-date=12 November 2012}}{{cite web |access-date=12 November 2012}}{{cite web |access-date=12 November 2012}}

The Kerala Water Authority manages the city’s water supply, while the Kerala Fire and Rescue Services Department is responsible for fire protection and emergency response. The Thrissur City Police maintains law and order, and the Kerala State Electricity Board provides electricity to the city. Public transport is operated mainly by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC), along with private bus operators.

Police services

The city is the headquarters of Thrissur City Police and Thrissur Rural Police. The Thrissur City Police is headed by a Police Commissioner, an Indian Police Service (IPS) officer. The city is divided into four sub divisions, Thrissur, Kunnamkulam, Ollur and Guruvayur. It also operates 24 police stations, including a woman police station and a traffic police station.{{cite news |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110307193425/http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/02/stories/2011030260110500.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 7 March 2011 |access-date=24 June 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110207215745/http://www.hindu.com/2011/02/03/stories/2011020362340400.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 7 February 2011 |access-date=24 June 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110309055023/http://www.hindu.com/2011/03/04/stories/2011030459320500.htm |url-status= dead |archive-date= 9 March 2011 |access-date=24 June 2011

The Thrissur City Police Commissionerate operates out of the erst-while District Armed Police headquarters at Ramavarmapuram. The Thrissur Rural Police has its headquarters at the District Collectorate complex at Ayyanthole. The city is also the headquarters of the Inspector General of Police, Thrissur Range, which looks after the law and order of Thrissur District, Palakkad District and Malappuram District. All the Superintendent of Police of these three districts come under his jurisdiction. The city also contains the Kerala Police Academy, Central Prison, Viyyur,{{cite web |access-date=11 October 2010}} Police Dog Training Centre and Excise Academy and Research Centre. Indian Reserve Battalion, the new commando unit of Kerala Police is headquartered in Ramavarmapuram.{{cite news |access-date=3 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013113835/http://www.hindu.com/2009/11/01/stories/2009110153990300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 October 2011 |access-date=3 February 2011 |access-date=3 February 2011

Demographics

| 1941 | 57500 | 1951 | 69500 | 1961 | 73000 | 1971 | 76200 | 1981 | 77900 | 1991 | 74600 | 2001 | 317526 | 2011 | 315957

India census, Thrissur city had a population of 315,957. Males constitute 48.2% and females constitute 51.8% of the total population numbering 152,296 and 163,661 respectively. The density of population is 3,130/km2. The sex ratio is 1,092/1,000 male. The total number of the households in the city is 66,827. The average family size in the city is 4.27 members. The city has a slum population equivalent to 0.30% of the total city population and 0.37% of the Kerala's slum population. The city has an average literacy rate of 95.96%: male literacy rate is 97.37% whereas female literacy rate is 94.72%.

Hindus constitute the majority with 54.20% of the population. Christians constitute 40.04% of the population,Dominated By Syro-Malabar Church.Muslims constitute 5.50% of the population in Thrissur city. In Thrissur district Hindu population is 58.42% and Muslim population is 17.07% and Christian population is 24.27%.

By language, 97.76% of the population speaks Malayalam and 1.35% Tamil as their first language.

Politics

Main article: Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency

Thrissur has played a significant part in the political history of South India. Thrissur City administration is carried out by Municipal Corporation of Thrissur. MK.Varghese (LDF) is the Mayor of Thrissur Municipal Corporation. The city of Thrissur is represented in the Kerala State Assembly by two elected members, one from Thrissur Assembly Constituency and another from Ollur Assembly Constituency. , P. Balachandran is the representative of Thrissur Assembly Constituency and K. Rajan from Ollur Assembly Constituency.

Thrissur city is also a part of the Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency and elects a member to the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, once every five years. The current MP is Suresh Gopi of the Bharatiya Janata Party. The Lok Sabha seat has primarily been held by the Indian National Congress (seven terms since 1951) and the Communist Party of India (ten terms since 1957).

Culture

Festivals

Thrissur is known as the Cultural Capital of Kerala, the city enjoys a thriving cultural tradition dating back to centuries. Thrissur Pooram, the largest pooram in Kerala, is sometimes referred to as 'the pooram of all poorams'. It is celebrated every year in the month of Medam (mid-April to mid-may) as per the Malayalam calendar. For thirty-six hours, the city plays host to a large gathering of people and elephants.{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428221022/http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/25/stories/2010042553400400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 April 2010 |access-date=2 February 2011}}{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013113804/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/06/stories/2006050612260400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 October 2011 |access-date=2 February 2011 |access-date=2 February 2011}}{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122082035/http://www.sify.com/news/caparisoned-elephants-steal-the-show-at-thrissur-pooram-news-national-keyukeecgde.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 November 2011 |access-date=2 February 2011}}

Puli Kali, also known as Kavakali, is another festival, which attracts thousands of people to the city. It is performed by trained artists to entertain people on the occasion of Onam, an annual harvest festival, celebrated mainly in Kerala.{{cite web |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629233539/http://newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/article208655.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2013 |access-date=12 September 2010}}{{cite web |access-date=2 February 2011}} Buon Natale is the cultural festival conducting at Swaraj Round with Christmas celebration. Buon Natale procession entered the Guinness World Records in 2014 for having the maximum number of people dressed up as Santa Claus. Other important festivals celebrated in the city include Christmas, Onam, Diwali, Easter, Eid and Vishu.

Elephants play a major part in many of the city's festivals.{{cite news |access-date=2 February 2011 |access-date=2 February 2011}} Aanayoottu (feeding of elephants), held in Vadakkunnathan Temple in the City annually, is the world's largest elephant feeding ceremony. The ceremony is conducted on the first day of the Malayalam month of Karkidakam.{{cite web |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125235631/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/elephants-in-kerala-tuck-into-a-jumbo-feast/68974-3.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=17 March 2010}}{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721033037/http://sify.com/news/elephants-run-amok-at-thrissur-and-guruvayur-news-national-khsi4Tedech.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 July 2010 |access-date=17 March 2010}}{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629063723/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/29/stories/2005082910820400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 June 2011 |access-date=17 March 2010

Literature

Literary lineage of city dates back to early history of Kerala but it came to prominence after Kerala Government set up Kerala Lalita Kala Akademi, Kerala Sahitya Academy, Kerala Sangeetha Nadaka Academy and College of Fine Arts, Thrissur for promoting literature, music and arts in Kerala. After the Indian Independence, Thrissur became the literary capital of Kerala as turned to the playground of novelist, poets and orators. In 1952 when Current Books set its first shop in Thrissur by former education Minister Professor Joseph Mundassery, it become the abode of writer's like O. V. Vijayan, Kovilan, V. K. N., Uroob, Edasseri Govindan Nair, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, K. G. Sankara Pillai and Sarah Joseph. The area was later known as Current Moola ("Current Corner"). The building that housed the Current Books bookshop was demolished in 2011.

Thrissur is home to prominent Malayalam literary figures like Kovilan, Kunhunni Mash, Sukumar Azhikode, K. Satchidanandan, Mullanezhi, Sarah Joseph, Attoor Ravi Varma, Lalitha Lenin, P. Bhaskaran, Joseph Mundassery.{{cite news |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103110935/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-23/kochi/30193550_1_book-stall-writers-malayalam |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |access-date=10 December 2011

Religious buildings

The Vadakkunnathan temple, believed to have been founded by the legendary saint Parasurama, is an example of the Kerala style of architecture and houses several sacred shrines and murals delineating graphically, various episodes from the Mahabharata. Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, one of the largest Sree Krishna temples in Kerala and Paramekkavu Bagavathi Temple which is one of the largest Bagavathi temples in Kerala is also situated in the city. Aykunnu Pandavagiri Devi Temple is situated at Venginisseri village, that around 9 km from city center. Sree Guruvayurappan Temple is located in Guruvayur (28 km from Thrissur); it is also referred to as Bhuloka Vaikunta which means "Holy Abode of Vishnu on Earth".

Asia's tallest church, the Our Lady of Dolours Syro-Malabar Catholic Basilica (Puthan Pally), Our Lady of Lourdes Syro-Malabar Catholic Metropolitan Cathedral which has an underground shrine, Saint Antony's Syro-Malabar Church, Ollur which has been called as Chinna Roma (Small Rome) are masterpieces of architecture and indigenous paintings. Saint Euphrasia's tomb and museum also situated in the city. St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Palayur (28 km from Thrissur) is the first church in India, and Thomas the Apostle performed the first baptism in India here.

The Chettiyangadi Hanafi Mosque in Thrissur City is one of the oldest mosque in Thrissur. Cheraman Juma Mosque in Kodungallur, (40 km from Thrissur) is the first mosque in India.

Cuisine

The cuisine of Thrissur is linked to its history, geography, demography and culture. Rice is the staple food. Achappam, Kuzhalappam, Vatteppam, Unniyappam and Pazham Pori are common snacks. Vellayappam, a kind of rice hopper is another dish which is special to the city, they have a food street named vellayappam angadi.

Education

Thrissur, which has been a centre of learning from ancient times, is developing as a modern education hub.{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040311103646/http://www.hindu.com/2004/02/12/stories/2004021204160300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 March 2004 |access-date=28 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013163621/http://www.hindu.com/2010/11/11/stories/2010111158310300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 October 2011 |access-date=28 January 2011 |access-date=29 January 2011}} There are 93 lower primary schools; 34 upper primary schools;{{cite web |access-date=29 January 2011}}{{cite web |access-date = 29 January 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091222045835/http://www.education.kerala.gov.in/schoollist/up/tsr.pdf |archive-date = 22 December 2009 |url-status = dead |access-date = 29 January 2011 |access-date = 29 January 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721160017/http://hscap.kerala.gov.in/CMS/school.php?cmbdist=8 |archive-date = 21 July 2011 |url-status = dead

Healthcare

Main article: Hospitals in Thrissur

The city serves as a centre for healthcare in Central Kerala, with people from Thrissur District, Palakkad District, Malappuram District and the northern part of Ernakulam District coming to Thrissur for medical care. There are three medical colleges in the city: Government Medical College, Thrissur, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute. The Vaidyaratnam Ayurveda Medical College also situated in city.

Sports

Main article: Football in Thrissur

Football is the most popular sport in the city, and there are two football stadiums in the city, Thrissur Municipal Corporation Stadium and Thope Stadium.The largest and highest temporary stadium in the world as per Guinness Book of World Records was built in the Thrissur Corporation Ground in 1990 for the occasion of Federation Cup football tournament, which was designed by Er. TJ Antony. International ballers and former Indian captains C. V. Pappachan, I. M. Vijayan and Jo Paul Ancheri, and the Under 17 World Cup player K. P. Rahul belongs to Thrissur. The N.I. David Memorial Trophy, an annual inter-club football tournament is held in Thrissur every year. The football championship was started in 1996 by the Superintendent of Police, Thrissur.{{cite news |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119171603/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/26/stories/2010122652431400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 January 2011 |access-date=12 January 2011 |access-date = 12 January 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110520004609/http://www.keralapolicehistory.com/gllry3.html |archive-date = 20 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101000217/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/27/stories/2010122757671600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 January 2011 |access-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104205807/http://www.hindu.com/2010/12/31/stories/2010123157181800.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 January 2011 |access-date=12 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110108210155/http://www.hindu.com/2011/01/04/stories/2011010453562000.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 January 2011 |access-date=12 January 2011 |access-date = 22 September 2010 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120712204309/http://210.212.239.30/tsr/thrissur.htm |archive-date = 12 July 2012

Media

The first Malayalam newspaper which published from Thrissur was Lokamanyan in 1920. Then came Deenabandhu edited by V. R. Krishnan Ezhuthachan. Ezhuthachan started publishing as a weekly in 1941 from Thrissur. It was one of the first periodicals that supported the national movement. As soon as the Quit India movement was started, its editor and staff were sent to jail and publications were banned.{{cite web |access-date = 14 July 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110721182353/http://dspace.vidyanidhi.org.in:8080/dspace/bitstream/2009/1692/3/UOM-1992-772-2.PDF |archive-date = 21 July 2011 |url-status = dead |access-date= 4 August 2014}}{{cite web |access-date = 4 August 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140807035905/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/historyofpress.htm |archive-date = 7 August 2014 |url-status = dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814173625/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/article472437.ece?service=print |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 August 2014 |access-date= 4 August 2014}} The Express started in 1944 from Thrissur with K Krishanan as the editor is known in Central Kerala for its nationalist and socialist views. Major Malayalam newspapers published in Thrissur include Malayala Manorama, Mathrubhumi, Madhyamam, Deepika, Kerala Kaumudi, Deshabhimani, Mangalam, Veekshanam, Metro Vaartha and Janayugom. A number of evening papers, like General in Malayalam and City Journal in English, are also published from the city. Newspapers in other regional languages like Hindi, Kannada, Tamil and Telugu are also available in city.

The first cinema hall in Kerala, with a manually operated film projector, was opened in Thrissur by Jose Kattookkaran in 1907. In 1913, the first electrically operated film projector was established in city again by Jose Kattookkaran and was called the Jose Electrical Bioscope now known as Jose Theatre.{{cite web |access-date=14 July 2010}}{{cite web |access-date = 1 October 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213608/http://cityjournal.in/hundred-years-of-filial-indifference/ |archive-date = 4 October 2013 |url-status = dead

A film festival, known as the ViBGYOR Film Festival, is held in the city every year. It is an international short and documentary film festival. Telecom services are provided by various players like Airtel, Vodafone Idea, Jio, and the state-owned BSNL. BSNL is also offering 4G services in Thrissur. The city also has broadband wireless services on the WiMAX platform.{{cite web |access-date=3 June 2010}}{{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100927223905/http://kerala.bsnl.co.in/Wimax/WIHom.asp |url-status = dead |archive-date = 27 September 2010 |access-date = 3 June 2010

Private FM radio stations in the Thrissur are Club FM 104.8 MHz, Radio Mango 91.9 MHz, Red FM 91.1 MHz. All India Radio has an AM (630 kHz) and an FM (101.1 MHz) station for the city.{{cite web |access-date= 3 September 2014}} The transmitter of the All India Radio (630 kHz) was commissioned on 4 November 1956. The station started independent broadcasting in 1974.Address of AIR Station, Thrissur http://www.allindiaradio.org/address/trissur.htm (Retrieved 8 January 2009) Thrissur has a Doordarshan studio with a low power transmitter located near the studio.{{cite web |access-date=3 June 2010}}{{cite web |access-date=3 June 2010}}

Transport

Main article: Transport in Thrissur

Road

The city is connected to the North-South Corridor National Highway (India) via the four-lane National Highway 544, previously NH 47. The highway traverses through the entire length and breadth of the city from different points and provides access to the nearby cities such of Kochi, Palakkad and Coimbatore. NH 544 provides two main exit points at Mannuthy and Thalore which is bypass to the Thrissur city.

The city is largely dependent on private buses, taxis and auto rickshaws for public transport.

State-owned Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) runs inter-state, inter-district and city services. Thrissur has three bus stations, the Shaktan Thampuran Private Bus Stand, Thrissur in Sakthan Thampuran Nagar, Vadakke Stand (Northern Bus Stand) and the Thrissur KSRTC Bus Station near the Thrissur railway station. State Highway (SH 69) Thrissur-Kuttippuram Road, SH 22 Kodungallur – Shornur Road, SH 75 Thrissur – Kanjani – Vadanappally Road are the three state highways which connect city with its suburbs and municipalities.

Railway

The Southern Railway zone of the Indian Railways operates the main rail transport system in Thrissur. There are four railway stations in Thrissur city. Thrissur railway station, one of the four A+ railway station in Kerala provides trains to three directions and lies on the busy Shoranur–Cochin Harbour section. It has a satellite station, Punkunnam railway station and two minor stations, Ollur railway station and Mulankunnathukavu railway station. Thrissur railway station also connects to the temple town of Guruvayur by Guruvayur–Thrissur spur line. In addition, Southern Railway is running a suburban railway system connecting Thrissur to Kochi and Palakkad using Mainline Electrical Multiple Unit services (MEMU).

Maps of Thrissur

Picture gallery

File:Thrissur Museum and zoo - Dec2011- 0216.JPG|Entrance gate of Thrissur Zoo File:Artmuseum.JPG|Archaeological Museum, Thrissur File:St thomas college thrissur.jpg|St. Thomas College, Thrissur File:K. Karunakaran Smaraka Town Hall 02.JPG|Thrissur Town Hall File:Mural Art Museum, Thrissur.jpg|Mural Art Museum File:Sakthan Thampuran palace.jpg|Shakthan Thampuran Palace

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