Thomas Gore Browne

Early life

Browne was born on 3 July 1807 in Aylesbury, in the county of Buckinghamshire, England, a son of Robert Browne and Sarah Dorothea . Of Irish extraction, the family had a military or church tradition; his father was a colonel in the Buckinghamshire Militia while his younger brother, Harold Browne, later became Bishop of Winchester.

Military career

In 1824, Browne kept up his family's military tradition and joined the British Army as an ensign in the 44th Regiment of Foot. After four years, he transferred into the 28th Regiment of Foot. In 1832, and now a captain, he was appointed aide-de-camp to Baron Nugent, the High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands. He served in this role for three years, which included a spell as colonial secretary.

Now a major, Browne was posted to the 41st Regiment of Foot. In 1842, the regiment was dispatched to Afghanistan and fought in the First Anglo-Afghan War. He led the regiment for a time and commanded the rearguard as the British Army retreated from Khyber Pass into India. After his return from the campaign in Afghanistan, Browne was promoted lieutenant-colonel. He was also appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath. In 1849, he exchanged into the 21st Regiment of Foot.

Browne retired from the British Army on half-pay in 1851 and shortly took up an appointment as Governor of the island of Saint Helena. and during this time worked towards improving the island's water supply.

Marriage

In 1851, Browne married Harriet Louisa Campbell. His wife was a considerable support to his political career. She was over 20 years his junior and was well read, socially accomplished with a pleasant personality, and had an excellent understanding of the political environment in which she and her husband circulated. In addition to her influence over Browne, her hospitality and contribution to the social and cultural life during Browne's placements assisted him in influencing others to support his political views.

Governor of New Zealand

In September 1855, Browne was appointed Governor of New Zealand, replacing Administrator Robert Wynyard. His handling of Māori land issues was a contributing factor in the outbreak of the First Taranaki War in a new phase of the New Zealand Wars: despite divisions among Waitara Māori over the ownership of land, Browne persisted with the purchase of the disputed Pekapeka block, further inflaming tensions between Māori and British settlers.

On 5 March 1860, Browne ordered the military occupation of the land, leading to the outbreak of war twelve days later. The following year, he negotiated a truce to end the fighting in the region. His governorship term ended in May 1861; rather than extend it, the Colonial Office in London replaced him with Sir George Grey.

The South Island town of Gore, New Zealand, was named after him.

Governor of Tasmania

In December 1861, Browne was appointed Governor of Tasmania. At the time, Tasmania was struggling economically and people were leaving for better employment prospects on the Australian mainland. To counter this, Browne implemented measures to encourage immigration. He also worked towards improving public education and training in the trades. A popular governor for most of his term, he lost goodwill when he displayed favouritism when filling a public service position.

Later life

After being appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1869, Browne, with the assistance of Edward Cardwell, the Secretary of State for War, was appointed Administrator of Bermuda. This was to help secure Browne a pension and he served in this capacity from May 1870 to April 1871.

Brown died in London on 17 April 1887. He was survived by his wife, Harriet Louisa Browne . The couple had several children;

• The eldest son, Harold Gore Browne, also served in the British Army and fought in the Boer War of 1899–1900, and took part in the defence of Ladysmith.
• Another son Godfrey Gore Brown was a commander in the Royal Navy and died at Menton on 5 April 1900, aged only 37.
• His daughter, Ethel Gore Browne, married Hugh Locke King who built the Brooklands motor racing circuit in England,
• His youngest son, Wilfrid Gore Browne was the first Bishop of Kimberley and Kuruman in South Africa.

Notes

before = Patrick Ross | title = Governor of Saint Helena | years = 1851–1855 | after = Edward Hay Drummond Hay | before = Sir George Grey | title = Governor of New Zealand | years = 1855–1861 | after = Sir George Grey before=Sir Henry Young | after=Charles Du Cane | title=Governor of Tasmania | years=1862–1868

References

1. Amos, Helen M.. (1969). "Browne, Sir Thomas Gore (1807–1887)".
2. Dalton, B. J.. "Browne, Thomas Robert Gore".
3. Sinclair, Keith. (1966). "Browne, Sir Thomas Gore".
4. Turner, John. "The Governor of St Helena". Saint Helena Island Info.
5. "Browne, Harriet Louisa". New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga.
6. {{cite DNBSupp. Ernest Marsh. Lloyd. noicon
7. "District Information". [[Gore District, New Zealand]].
8. (21 January 1869). "Departure of Governor Gore Browne for England". Daily Southern Cross.
9. (10 April 1900). "Deaths".
10. (6 August 1956). "Dame Ethel Locke King".
11. (16 March 1928). "Death of Bishop of Kimberley". Diamond Fields Advertiser.