Themisto (moon)

Discovery and naming

Themisto was first discovered by Charles T. Kowal and Elizabeth Roemer on 30September 1975, reported on 3October 1975, and designated S/1975 J 1. However, not enough observations were made to establish an orbit and it was subsequently lost.

Then, on 21November 2000, a seemingly new satellite was discovered by Scott S. Sheppard, David C. Jewitt, Yanga R. Fernández and Eugene A. Magnier and was designated S/2000 J 1. It was soon confirmed from computing the past trajectory of the satellite that this was the same as the one observed in 1975. This observation was immediately correlated with an earlier observation on 6August 2000 by the team of Brett J. Gladman, John J. Kavelaars, Jean-Marc Petit, Hans Scholl, Matthew J. Holman, Brian G. Marsden, Philip D. Nicholson and Joseph A. Burns, which was reported to the Minor Planet Center but not published as an IAU Circular (IAUC).

In October 2002, it was officially named after Themisto, daughter of the river god Inachus and lover of Zeus (Jupiter) in Greek mythology.

Orbit

Theimisto orbits Jupiter at an average distance of 7,4 Million km in 130 days, at an inclination of about 45° to the ecliptic, in a prograde direction and with an eccentricity of 0.252. Its orbit is continuously changing due to solar and planetary perturbations.

This means that Themisto has the shortest orbital period of all irregular moons, apart from Triton.

Themisto's orbit is unusual: unlike most of Jupiter's moons, which orbit in distinct groups, Themisto orbits alone. The moon is located midway between the Galilean moons and the first group of prograde irregular moons, the Himalia group.

Physical characteristics

Themisto is about 9 km in diameter (assuming an albedo of 0.04). While its true albedo could not be measured by NEOWISE due to poor timing of observations, It is known that Themisto is colored red in the visible spectrum. (B−V=0.83, V−R=0.46, and V−I=0.94) similar to D-type asteroids.

Origin

Themisto probably did not form near Jupiter but was captured by Jupiter later. Themisto is probably the remnant of a broken, captured heliocentric asteroid.

References

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References

1. Noah Webster. (1884). "A Practical Dictionary of the English Language".
2. James Hall. (2015). "Moons of the Solar System".
3. Brian G. Marsden. (3 October 1975). "IAUC 2845: Probable New Satellite of Jupiter". International Astronomical Union Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams.
4. Brian G. Marsden. (25 November 2000). "IAUC 7525: S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1". International Astronomical Union Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams.
5. (19 December 2000). "MPEC 2000-Y16: S/1975 J 1 = S/2000 J 1, S/1999 J 1". International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center.
6. Daniel W. E. Green. (22 October 2002). "IAUC 7998: Satellites of Jupiter". International Astronomical Union.
7. (August 2015). "NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn". The Astrophysical Journal.
8. Grav, Tommy. (2003). "Photometric survey of the irregular satellites". Icarus.
9. (24 March 2022). "New ephemerides of outer planetary satellites". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.