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Thecaphora

Genus of fungi

:Thecaphora was also proposed for the order of cnidarians usually known as Leptomedusae.

Glomosporium Kochman (1939)

Kochmania Piatek (2005)

Poikilosporium Dietel (1897)

Sorosporium F.Rudolphi (1829)

Tothiella Vánky (1999) Thecaphora is a genus of basidiomycote fungus which contains several species of plant pathogens. The widespread genus contained about 57 species in 2008. and held 61 species in 2020.

In 2008, genus Glomosporium and Kochmania were declared synonyms of Thecaphora. Also Sorosporium mohgaoense became Thecaphora mohgaoensis .

The genus Thecaphora contains plant-parasitic microfungi infecting hosts belonging to a range of dicotyledonous families. The species and their current nomenclature were summarised by Vánky et al. (2008), Recently, three new species were described in Crous et al. (2018), Kruse et al. (2018), and Piątek et al. (2021). Thecaphora species are characterised by having spores in balls (or rarely single), generally without sterile cells, and infections are found in a range of different organs of their host plants.

Hosts

Thecaphora solani (also called potato smut), is a smut fungus attacking tubers and underground stems of Solanum species, including potato Solanum tuberosum and also tomato Solanum lycopersicum and nearby native weed Datura stramonium (Mordue, 1988). in the Andean region of South America. It is not restricted to the higher, cooler elevations, but it has also been a problem in coastal Peru (Bazan de Segura 1960; Zachmann and Baumann, 1975), and also occurs in Mexico. The fungus can be transported within infected tubers and other planting material and also on their surfaces if they become contaminated with the spores. The fungus also can survive in the soil and therefore is difficult to eradicate.

Thecaphora melandrii was found to infect species in the Caryophyllaceae family, forming sori with spore balls in the floral organs. This included Silene latifolia , Silene nutansa , Silene vulgarisa and Stellaria gramineaa It was found in Britain on Silene uniflora Thecaphora schwarzmaniana was found on Rheum ribes in Iran and Turkey. Thecaphora anthemidis was found on species of Anthemis (Asteraceae family). Thecaphora dahuangis causes leaf smut disease in Rheum palmatum (or dahuang), a folk medicinal plant in China.

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;

Thecaphora affinis
Thecaphora alsinearum
Thecaphora amaranthicola
Thecaphora ambrosiae
Thecaphora androsaces
Thecaphora androsacina
Thecaphora anthemidis
Thecaphora arnicae
Thecaphora australiensis
Thecaphora burkartii
Thecaphora californica
Thecaphora capensis
Thecaphora capsularum
Thecaphora cerastii
Thecaphora cuneata
Thecaphora dahuangis
Thecaphora deformans
Thecaphora denticulata
Thecaphora desmodii
Thecaphora frezzii
Thecaphora haumanii
Thecaphora hedysari
Thecaphora heliopsidis
Thecaphora hennenii
Thecaphora hieronymi
Thecaphora hosackiae
Thecaphora iresines
Thecaphora italica
Thecaphora lagenophorae
Thecaphora lathyri
Thecaphora lithospermi
Thecaphora loti
Thecaphora lupini
Thecaphora maireanae
Thecaphora melampodii
Thecaphora melandrii
Thecaphora mexicana
Thecaphora mohgaoensis
Thecaphora molluginis
Thecaphora neomexicana
Thecaphora oberwinkleri
Thecaphora oxalidis
Thecaphora oxytropis
Thecaphora pakistanica
Thecaphora piluliformis
Thecaphora pimpinellae
Thecaphora polymniae
Thecaphora pulcherrima
Thecaphora pustulata
Thecaphora ruppiae
Thecaphora saponariae
Thecaphora schwarzmaniana
Thecaphora seminis-convolvuli
Thecaphora smallanthi
Thecaphora solani
Thecaphora solidaginis
Thecaphora sphaerophysae
Thecaphora spilanthis
Thecaphora stajsicii
Thecaphora thlaspeos
Thecaphora thornberi
Thecaphora trailii
Thecaphora trigonellae
Thecaphora tunicata
Thecaphora ulicis
Thecaphora viciae
Thecaphora viciae-amoenae

Former species;

T. africana = Tolyposporium kuwanoanum, Anthracoideaceae
T. amaranthi = Glomosporium amaranthi, Glomosporiaceae
T. anemarrhenae = Floromyces anemarrhenae, Floromycetaceae
T. apicis = Moreaua apicis, Anthracoideaceae
T. astragali = Thecaphora affinis
T. aterrima = Moreaua aterrima, Anthracoideaceae
T. bulbinellae = Urocystis bulbinellae, Urocystidaceae
T. carcinodes = Urocystis carcinodes, Urocystidaceae
T. convolvuli = Thecaphora capsularum
T. convolvuli = Thecaphora capsularum
T. dactylidis = Jamesdicksonia dactylidis, Georgefischeriaceae
T. decaisneana = Schroeteria decaisneana, Ascomycota
T. delastrina = Schroeteria delastrina, Ascomycota
T. globuligera = Tolyposporium globuligerum, Anthracoideaceae
T. herteriana = Urocystis herteriana, Urocystidaceae
T. hyalina = Thecaphora capsularum
T. inquinans = Prosthecium inquinans, Melanconidaceae
T. jubilei = Thecaphora androsaces
T. kochiana = Moreaua kochiana, Anthracoideaceae
T. lepidospermatis = Moreaua lepidospermatis, Anthracoideaceae
T. leptideum = Glomosporium leptideum, Glomosporiaceae
T. leptocarpi = Restiosporium leptocarpi, Websdaneaceae
T. littoralis = Moreaua littoralis, Anthracoideaceae
T. mauritiana = Moreaua mauritiana, Anthracoideaceae
T. mauritianum = Moreaua mauritiana, Anthracoideaceae
T. melanogramma = Schizonella melanogramma, Anthracoideaceae
T. muelleriana = Moreaua muelleriana, Anthracoideaceae
T. rhynchosporae = Moreaua fischeri, Anthracoideaceae
T. rodwayi = Moreaua rodwayi, Anthracoideaceae

References

(2008). "About the genus ''Thecaphora'' (Glomosporiaceae) and its new synonyms". Mycological Progress.
(2012). "Smut Fungi of the World.". American Phytopathological Society Press.
(2018). "Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784". Persoonia.
(2018). "The first smut fungus, ''Thecaphora anthemidis'' sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from ''Anthemis'' (Asteraceae).". MycoKeys.
(August 2021). "Thecaphora dahuangis, a new species causing leaf smut disease of the traditional medicinal plant dahuang (Rheum palmatum) in China". Plant Pathology.
(1988). "IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria". CAB International.
(1960). "The gangrena disease of potato in Peru". Plant Disease Reporter.
(1975). "''Thecaphora solani'' on potatoes in Peru:present distribution and varietal resistance.". Plant Disease Reporter.
(2007). "Revision of some ''Thecaphora'' species (Ustilaginomycotina) on Caryophyllaceae.". Mycol. Res..
(2020). "The distribution and host range of ''Thecaphora melandrii'', with first records for Britain.". Kew Bull..
(2014). "Discovery of ''Thecaphora schwarzmaniana'' on ''Rheum ribes'' in Iran and Turkey: implications for the diversity and phylogeny of leaf smuts on rhubarbs.". Mycol. Progr..
"Species Fungorum - Search Page - Thecaphora".
(2021-10-01). "Where Does the Peanut Smut Pathogen, ''Thecaphora frezzii'', Fit in the Spectrum of Smut Diseases?". [[American Phytopathological Society]].
(2008). "Dictionary of the Fungi". CABI.
"''Thecaphora'' Fingerh. 1836". [[MycoBank]]. International Mycological Association.
(2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere.

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ustilaginomycotina basidiomycota-genera

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