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The three Rs

3 basic skills taught in schools: reading, writing, arithmetic

3 basic skills taught in schools: reading, writing, arithmetic

The three Rs are three basic skills taught in schools: reading, writing and arithmetic (or reckoning; previously wroughting). The irregular initialism is based on phonetics rather than spelling. The phrase appears to have been coined at the beginning of the 19th century.

Origin and meaning

The skills themselves are alluded to in St. Augustine's Confessions: .

The phrase is sometimes attributed to a speech given by Sir William Curtis circa 1807, but this is disputed. An extended modern version of the three Rs consists of the "functional skills of literacy, numeracy and ICT".

The educationalist Louis P. Bénézet preferred "to read", "to reason", "to recite", adding, "by reciting I did not mean giving back, verbatim, the words of the teacher or of the textbook. I meant speaking the English language."

Notes

References

  1. "Obsolete Skill Set: The 3 Rs".
  2. "Definition of THE THREE R'S".
  3. ''Confessions'' '''13''':1:20 ''Loeb Classical Library'', p. 37
  4. ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', 3rd edition, 2008, ''s.v.'' 'R' I:3
  5. Christine Ammer, ''The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms'', 2nd edition, 2013, ''s.v.'', p. 457, excerpted in [https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/the+three+Rs ''The Free Dictionary'']
  6. [[John Limbird]], ''The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction'', '''124''' (January 22, 1823), [https://books.google.com/books?id=tBc4AAAAYAAJ&dq=%22reading%2C+writing+and+%27rithmetic%22&pg=PA75 p. 75]
  7. [http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/educationandlearning/qualificationsexplained/dg_173874 Functional Skills]
  8. L. P. Benezet, "The Teaching of Arithmetic I, II, III: The Story of an Experiment," Journal of the National Education Association, Volume 24(8): 241-244 (November 1935)
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