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Tamil United Liberation Front
Political party in Sri Lanka
Political party in Sri Lanka
| Field | Value | |
|---|---|---|
| name | Tamil United Liberation Front | |
| native_name | தமிழர் ஐக்கிய விடுதலை முன்னணி | |
| ද්රවිඩ එක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ | ||
| colorcode | Yellow | |
| leader | V. Anandasangaree | |
| founder | S. J. V. Chelvanayakam | |
| G. G. Ponnambalam | ||
| Savumiamoorthy Thondaman | ||
| leader1_title | Secretary | |
| leader1_name | K. K. Kanagarajah | |
| founded | ||
| merger | ||
| predecessor | Tamil United Front | |
| headquarters | 5/3A Wijayaba Mawatha, Kalubowila, Dehiwala | |
| ideology | Tamil nationalism | |
| symbol | Rising Sun | |
| [[File:TULFS.png | 100px | TULF Election Symbol]] |
| website | ||
| country | Sri Lanka |
ද්රවිඩ එක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ G. G. Ponnambalam Savumiamoorthy Thondaman
The Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF; , ) is a political party in Sri Lanka.
Formation
On 4 May 1972, several Tamil political groups, including the Federal Party (ITAK), Ceylon Workers Congress (CWC), and All Ceylon Tamil Congress formed the Tamil United Front (TUF) under the joint leadership of S.J.V. Selvanayagam, S. Thondaman, and G.G. Ponnambalam. The TUF changed its name to Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) and adopted the demand for an independent state to be known as the "secular, socialist state of Tamil Eelam". The CWC declined to support the newly formed TULF.
1977 Parliamentary General Election
In the first general election contested by the TULF, the 1977 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, in which the UNP won by a landslide, the TULF won 6.40% of the popular vote and 18 out of 168 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament, including all 14 seats in the Northern Province.
Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district
| Electoral District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF MP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Batticaloa | 26,648 | 24.70% | 1 | 71.15% | Chelliah Rajadurai |
| Chavakachcheri | 20,028 | 63.27% | 1 | 85.65% | V. N. Navaratnam |
| Jaffna | 16,251 | 56.62% | 1 | 82.32% | V. Yogeswaran |
| Kalkudah | 12,595 | 43.07% | 0 | 86.02% | |
| Kalmunai | 7,093 | 27.38% | 0 | 89.86% | |
| Kankesanthurai | 31,155 | 85.41% | 1 | 83.08% | A. Amirthalingam |
| Kayts | 17,640 | 64.05% | 1 | 75.72% | K. P. Ratnam |
| Kilinochchi | 15,607 | 73.42% | 1 | 79.71% | V. Anandasangaree |
| Kopay | 25,840 | 77.20% | 1 | 80.03% | S. Kathiravelupillai |
| Manipay | 27,550 | 83.99% | 1 | 79.28% | V. Dharmalingam |
| Mannar | 15,141 | 51.58% | 1 | 92.40% | P. S. Soosaithasan |
| Mullaitivu | 10,261 | 52.36% | 1 | 79.34% | X. M. Sellathambu |
| Mutur | 7,520 | 27.00% | 0 | 91.65% | |
| Nallur | 29,858 | 89.42% | 1 | 83.05% | M. Sivasithamparam |
| Paddirippu | 15,877 | 49.17% | 1 | 89.92% | P. Ganeshalingam |
| Point Pedro | 12,989 | 55.91% | 1 | 81.66% | K. Thurairatnam |
| Pottuvil | 23,990 | 26.97% | 1 | 179.02% | M. Kanagaratnam |
| Puttalam | 3,268 | 10.52% | 0 | 83.58% | |
| Sammanthurai | 8,615 | 34.65% | 0 | 91.04% | |
| Trincomalee | 15,144 | 51.76% | 1 | 81.78% | R. Sampanthan |
| Udupiddy | 18,768 | 63.44% | 1 | 80.05% | T. Rasalingam |
| Vaddukoddai | 23,384 | 70.18% | 1 | 81.90% | T. Thirunavukarasu |
| Vavuniya | 13,821 | 59.02% | 1 | 82.31% | T. Sivasithamparam |
| Total | 399,043 | 6.40% | 18 | ||
| Source: |
The TULF became the official opposition as a result of the rout of the SLFP. The TULF's success would lead to riots in which hundreds of Tamils were murdered by Sinhalese mobs.
Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, the TULF was frequently blamed by nationalist Sinhalese politicians for acts of violence committed by militant groups such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). In fact, the TULF represented an older, more moderate generation of Tamils that felt independence could be achieved without violence, unlike the LTTE, who believed in armed conflict.
In October 1983, all the TULF legislators, numbering sixteen at the time, forfeited their seats in Parliament for refusing to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a separate state in accordance with the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka.
During the 1980s, the LTTE began to see the TULF as a rival in its desire to be considered the sole representative of the Tamils of the north and east. Over the next two decades, the LTTE assassinated several TULF leaders, including A. Amirthalingam and Neelan Thiruchelvam.
1989 Parliamentary General Election
The TULF formed an alliance with the three Indian-backed paramilitary groups, Eelam National Democratic Liberation Front (ENDLF), Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front (EPRLF), and Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO), to contest the 1989 Sri Lankan parliamentary election. The alliance won 3.40% of the popular vote and 10 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.
Votes and seats won by the TULF / ENDLF / EPRLF / TULF alliance by electoral district
| Electoral | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF / ENDLF / EPRLF / TELO MPs |
| Ampara | 43,424 | 20.32% | 1 | 80.41% | Jeyaratnam Thiviya Nadan (EPRLF) |
| Batticaloa | 55,131 | 35.49% | 3 | 71.74% | Prince Gunarasa Casinader (EPRLF) |
| G. Karunakaran (TELO) | |||||
| Thambimuthu Samuel Pennington Thevarasa (EPRLF), murdered 11 May 1990 | |||||
| Joseph Pararajasingham (TULF), from 1990 (replaces Sam Thambimuthu (EPRLF)) | |||||
| Jaffna | 60,013 | 25.02% | 3 | 40.50% | Kandiah Navaratnam (EPRLF) |
| Suresh Premachandran (EPRLF) | |||||
| Ganeshankari Yogasangari (EPRLF), murdered 19 June 1990 | |||||
| Vanni | 17,271 | 39.99% | 2 | 30.53% | Raja Kuhaneswaran (TELO) |
| Anthony Emmanuel Silva (EPRLF) | |||||
| National List | 1 | A. Amirthalingam (TULF), murdered 13 July 1989 | |||
| Mavai Senathirajah (replaces A. Amirthalingam) | |||||
| Total | 188,593 | 3.40% | 10 | 63.6% | |
| Sources: |
1994 Parliamentary General Election
In the 1994 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, in which the People's Alliance, led by Chandrika Kumaratunga, came to power after seventeen years of UNP rule, the TULF won 1.60% of the popular vote and 5 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.
Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district
| Electoral | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF MPs |
| Batticaloa | 76,516 | 43.95% | 3 | 66.47% | Joseph Pararajasingham |
| P. Selvarasa | |||||
| K. Thurairajasingam | |||||
| Trincomalee | 28,380 | 23.66% | 1 | 65.15% | A. Thangathurai |
| National List | 1 | Dr. Neelan Tiruchelvam, murdered 29 July 1999 | |||
| Mavai Senathirajah, from August 1999 (replaces Dr. Neelan Tiruchelvam) | |||||
| Total | 132,461 | 1.60% | 5 | 76.23% | |
| Sources: |
2000 Parliamentary General Election
In the 2000 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, in which the People's Alliance, led by Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, retained power, the TULF won 1.23% of the popular vote and 5 out of 225 seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.
Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district
| Electoral | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF MPs |
| Batticaloa | 54,448 | 29.20% | 2 | 71.74% | Joseph Pararajasingham |
| Nimalan Soundaranayagam | |||||
| Jaffna | 32,852 | 27.59% | 3 | 21.32% | V. Anandasangaree |
| Mavai Senathirajah | |||||
| S. Sivamaharajah | |||||
| Trincomalee | 14,090 | 10.58% | 0 | 68.52% | |
| Vanni | 4,643 | 5.58% | 0 | 42.13% | |
| National List | 0 | ||||
| Total | 106,033 | 1.23% | 5 | 75.62% | |
| Sources: |
2001 Parliamentary General Election
Split
TULF President V. Anandasangaree, a critic of the Tamil Tigers, left the Tamil National Alliance when it took a pro-Tamil Tigers stance in the 2004 general election. Anandasangaree gained control of the TULF after a legal battle, forcing the TULF members who wanted to remain in the TNA to resurrect the Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi, which is now a constituent party of the TNA.
2004 Parliamentary General Election
The legal battle over the control of the TULF meant that the party, led by V. Anandasangaree, contested as an independent group and only in one electoral district in the 2004 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, winning 0.06% of the popular vote and no seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.
Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district
| Electoral | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF MPs |
| Jaffna | 5,156 | 1.82% | 0 | 47.38% | |
| Total | 5,156 | 0.06% | 0 | 75.96% | |
| Source: |
2010 Parliamentary General Election
In the 2010 Sri Lankan parliamentary election, in which the United People's Freedom Alliance, led by Mahinda Rajapaksa, retained power, the TULF led, by V. Anandasangaree, won 0.11% of the popular vote and no seats in the Sri Lankan parliament.
Votes and seats won by the TULF by electoral district
| Electoral | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Votes | % | Seats | Turnout | TULF MPs |
| Batticaloa | 4,424 | 2.45% | 0 | 58.56% | |
| Colombo | 834 | 0.09% | 0 | 65.03% | |
| Jaffna | 2,892 | 1.95% | 0 | 23.33% | |
| Vanni | 1,073 | 1.00% | 0 | 43.89% | |
| Total | 9,223 | 0.11% | 0 | 61.26% | |
| Source: |
References
References
- "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1977". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.
- "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1989". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.
- D. B. S. Jeyaraj. (1 January 2006). "The benign parliamentarian from Batticaloa". TransCurrents.
- "Result of Parliamentary General Election 1994". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.
- (15 August 1999). "Senathirajah - new TULF MP". The Island, Sri Lanka.
- "Parliamentary General Election 10.10.2000, Final District Results". Department of Elections, Sri Lanka.
- (11 October 2000). "EPDP gets four seats in Jaffna". [[TamilNet]].
- (11 October 2000). "Pararajasingham elected on final count". [[TamilNet]].
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