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Swan neck deformity

Field	Value
image	Swan_neck_deformity_in_a_65_year_old_Rheumatoid_Arthritis_patient-_2014-05-27_01-49.jpg
caption	Swan neck deformity in a 65-year-old rheumatoid arthritis patient.
specialty	orthopedic

Swan neck deformity is a deformed position of the finger, in which the joint closest to the fingertip is permanently bent toward the palm while the nearest joint to the palm is bent away from it (DIP flexion with PIP hyperextension). It is commonly caused by injury, hypermobility or inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or sometimes familial (congenital, like Ehlers–Danlos syndrome).

Pathophysiology

Swan neck deformity has many of possible causes arising from the DIP, PIP, or even the MCP joints. In all cases, there is a stretching of the volar plate at the PIP joint to allow hyperextension, plus some damage to the attachment of the extensor tendon to the base of the distal phalanx that produces a hyperflexed mallet finger. Duck bill deformity is a similar condition affecting the thumb (which cannot have true swan neck deformity because it does not have enough joints).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of swan neck deformity is mainly clinical. MRI of the hand may suggest volar plate attenuation of PIP and extensor tendon damage for DIP Genetic screening tests such as for CMT disease may also be indicated.

Treatment

Splinting for fingers. Passive stretching and clearing the deformity.

References

ERÇÖÇEN, A. R.. (1997). "Dynamic Swan Neck Deformity in a Patient with Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome". The Journal of Hand Surgery.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

fingers skeletal-disorders ehlers–danlos-syndrome

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