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Suum cuique

Latin phrase meaning "to each his own"

Suum cuique
Summary

Latin phrase meaning "to each his own"

Medal of the [[Order of the Black Eagle]], with the motto "''SUUM CUIQUE''" in the center.

"Suum cuique" (), or "Unicuique suum", is a Latin phrase often translated as "to each his own" or "may all get their due." Suum cuique has been significant in the history of philosophy and as a motto.

The English phrase "to each his own [deserts]" (suum cuique) is not to be confused with the similar phrase "each to his own [tastes]" (chacun à son goût), which corresponds more closely to the Latin de gustibus non est disputandum.

History

Antiquity

The Latin phrase relates to an old Greek principle of justice which translates into English as "to each his own". Plato, in Republic, offers the provisional definition that "justice is when everyone minds his own business, and refrains from meddling in others' affairs" (Greek: "...τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν καὶ μὴ πολυπραγμονεῖν δικαιοσύνη ἐστί...", 4.433a). Everyone should do according to his abilities and capabilities, to serve the country and the society as a whole. Also, everyone should receive "his own" (e.g., rights) and not be deprived of "his own" (e.g., property) (433e).

The Roman author, orator and politician Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC) popularised the Latin phrase:

  • "Iustitia suum cuique distribuit." ("Justice renders to everyone his due.") – De Natura Deorum, III, 15.
  • [...] ut fortitudo in laboribus periculisque cernatur, [...], iustitia in suo cuique tribuendo." (" [...] so that fortitude (courage) may be seen in hardship and danger, [...], justice in attributing to each his own".) – De Finibus Bonorum et Malorum, liber V, 67.

The phrase appears near the beginning of Justinian's Institutiones: iuris praecepta sunt haec: honeste vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere. (Inst. 1,1,3-4). (Translated into English: "the precepts of law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, [and] to give to each his own".)

Motto

Suum cuique serves as the motto of the Order of the Black Eagle (German: Hoher Orden vom Schwarzen Adler; founded in 1701), the highest order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia. The motto continues in use in Germany – in the insignia of the military police (the Feldjäger) and in association with the Berlin-based Masonic Lodge, Black Eagle Lodge (German: Johannisloge Zum schwarzen Adler). | access-date = 2016-07-22 The common German translation of the phrase – Jedem das Seine – was written on the main gate of Nazi concentration camp Buchenwald, leading to the phrase being controversial in modern Germany.

The Faculty of Advocates in Scotland uses the motto Suum cuique. It was also the motto of the North Carolina Supreme Court until 1975, when it was changed to Suum cuique tribuere.

The phrase also serves as the motto of the Faculties of Law at Lund University and Uppsala University in Sweden, Faculty of Law at University of Warsaw in Poland, as well as the Faculty of Law of Federal University of Bahia in Brazil.

References

References

  1. Miller, Kay Sour. (November 1975). "Sue 'Em Quick" Is Out of Style". The State.
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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