From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Subungual exostosis

Field	Value
name	Subungual exostosis
synonyms	Dupuytren subungual exostosis
image	File:Subungual_exostosis_01.JPG
caption	Subungual exostosis (1/3), in a boy age 15 years
field	orthopedics

| Subungual exostosis is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor of the chondrogenic type, and consists of bone and cartilage. It usually projects from the upper surface of the big toe underlying the nailbed, giving rise to a painful swelling that destroys the nail. Subsequent ulceration and infection may occur.{{cite book|title=Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaR9zQEACAAJ|year=2020|editor=WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board|publisher=International Agency for Research on Cancer|location=Lyon (France)|edition=5th|volume=3|isbn=978-92-832-4503-2|chapter=Subungual exostosis

There is an association with trauma and infection. Diagnosis involves medical imaging to exclude other similar conditions, particularly osteochondroma. X-ray appearance may reveal a bony protuberance attached to the top or side surface of a toe bone.

Treatment is by surgical excision and is effective.

More than half are under the age of 18 years and males are affected equally to females. Combined with bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, they comprise

Signs and symptoms

They tend to be painful due to the pressure applied to the nail bed and plate. They can involve destruction of the nail bed. These lesions are not true osteochondromas, rather it is a reactive cartilage metaplasia. The reason it occurs on the dorsal aspect is because the periosteum is loose dorsally but very tightly adherent volarly.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves medical imaging.

Differential diagnosis includes mainly bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), which is more irregular and tends to involve the middle of the finger or toe rather than the end near the nail. They are distinct from subungual osteochondroma.

Treatment

Treatment is by surgical excision and is effective. File:Subungual_exostosis_02.JPG|Subungual exostosis (2/3) File:Subungual_exostosis_03.JPG|Subungual exostosis (3/3), after excision

Epidemiology

It tends to occur in children and adolescents. Combined with BPOP, they account for less than 5% of cartilage tumors.

References

"Dupuytren subungual exostosis {{!}} Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".
(2020). "Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours". International Agency for Research on Cancer.
(2005). "Subungual exostosis: a review of 16 cases focusing on postoperative deformity of the nail". Annals of Plastic Surgery.
Murphey MD, Choi JJ, Kransdorf MJ, et al: Imaging of osteochondroma: variants and complications with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 20:1407-1434, 2000
(April 2014). "Subungual Exostosis of the Toes: A Systematic Review". Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.
(2014). "Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors: A Multidisciplinary Review with Case Presentations". JP Medical Ltd.
(2007). "Two distinctive subungual pathologies: subungual exostosis and subungual osteochondroma". Foot & Ankle International.
(March 2021). "Chondrogenic Bone Tumors: The Importance of Imaging Characteristics". RöFo: Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

musculoskeletal-disorders dermal-and-subcutaneous-growths

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Subungual exostosis — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report