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Submarine-launched missile

Guided missile which is launched from a submarine

Summary

Guided missile which is launched from a submarine

A submarine-launched missile is a missile that can be launched from a submarine.

Missiles characteristics

Main article: Missile

Missile types

The types of submarine launched missiles that exist include ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, hypersonic missiles, anti-submarine missiles, anti-air missiles.

Missile roles

These missiles can be used for the following missions, such as land attack, anti-ship warfare, anti-submarine warfare and anti-aircraft warfare.

Guidance

Main article: Missile guidance

The guidance systems of the missiles are varied. They can be guided by GPS, by terrain countour matching, by inertial guidance system, astral guidance systems and infrared guidance. Those systems can be combined for more reliability and precision.

Warheads

The warheads used by those missile are:

HE (high explosive)
Pre-fragmented HE (high-explosive )
Penetrative warheads
Warhead with submunitions
Nuclear single warhead
Nuclear missile with multiple warheads with a MIRV system (Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle)
Nuclear torpedoes

Missile launching submarines

Submarine types launching missiles

Main article: List of submarine classes in service

Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN): they launched ICBM, they usually are large nuclear powered submarines. But in some rare cases, diesel submarines can be adapted to launch such missiles, but few can be on the submarine.
Cruise-missile submarine (SSGN): these submarines were developed or adapted with a primary role focused on land attack. They can send missiles with nuclear and conventional warheads, although conventional warheads are a standard.
Nuclear-powered attack submarines (SSN) are multirole submarines that have the capability to launch several types of missiles, at the exception of ICBM. Most have used the torpedo tube to launch their missiles, although more and more, these submarines can be equipped with VLS sections. Most submarines become modular, and have the option for a section dedicated for a VLS system.
Conventional attack submarines can launch the same type of weapons as the nuclear attack submarines, but the volume of weapons tend to be smaller. They can also be equipped with VLS systems, although a majority of the classes use the torpedo tube to launch missiles. Some small nuclear powers (North Korea, Israel, Pakistan, and in the past India) use such missiles to operate their submarine-launched nuclear cruise missiles. For these, a VLS in the sail can be used, or the torpedo tube can be used for the missile launch.
Underwater unmanned vessels are being developed, and some might get the mission to carry and launch some missiles.

Submarine launching methods

The submarines can launch missiles in various ways:

A torpedo tube can be used to launch cruise missiles, ballistic missiles or anti-air missiles, and anti-submarine missiles. This launching method doesn't enable to launch missiles from under the Arctic ice.
The vertical launching system was initially developed for the launch of SLBM (Submarine-launched ballistic missile). This system has been also adapted to launch cruise missiles, and it was adapted to launch anti-air missiles. These missiles are usually launched underwater, but there is a possibility to surface, for example from under the ice to deploy the missiles.
MANPADS can be launched from a deployed mast while the submarine is underwater.
Small anti-air missiles can be launched from the deck once surfaced.

Submarine-launched ballistic missiles

Main article: Submarine-launched ballistic missile

Conventional ballistic missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
Hyunmoo 4-4	South Korea	Land attack	Conventional HE warhead	In service	Dosan Ahn Changho class (KSS-III)

Conventional and nuclear-capable ballistic missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
K-15	India	Land attack	Conventional (HE) and nuclear (single warhead)	In service		title=Sagarika/Shaurya	url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/sagarika-shaurya/	access-date=2025-05-19	website=Missile Threat	language=en-US}}

Nuclear ballistic missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
JL-1	China	Land attack	Single warhead	Retired	Modified Golf class SSB
JL-2	China	Land attack	1 × 1 MT warhead	In service	Type 032
JL-3	China	Land attack	1-3 × warhead (MIRV)	In service	(Type 032)
K-4	India	Land attack	Single warhead	In service
K-5	India	Land attack	MIRV warhead	Under development		last=admin	date=2024-03-19	title=India Conducts First Flight of Agni-5 Ballistic Missile That Can Carry Multiple Warheads - MilitaryLeak.COM	url=https://militaryleak.com/2024/03/19/india-conducts-first-flight-of-agni-5-ballistic-missile-that-can-carry-multiple-warheads/	access-date=2025-05-19	language=en-US}}
K-6	India	Land attack	MIRV warhead	Under development
M1	France	Land attack	1 × MR 41	Retired	{{sclass	Redoutable	submarine	4	1967}} (ships Le Redoutable, **)
M2	France	Land attack	1 × MR 41	Retired	{{sclass	Redoutable	submarine	4	1967}} (ships Le Redoutable, **)
M20	France	Land attack	1 × TN 60	Retired	{{sclass	Redoutable	submarine	4	1967}} (ships Le Redoutable, , , , )
M4A	France	Land attack	TN-70 (6 × MIRV)	Retired	{{sclass	Redoutable	submarine	4	1967}} (ships , , , , L'Inflexible)
M4B	France	Land attack	TN-71 (6 × MIRV)	Retired	{{sclass	Redoutable	submarine	4	1967}} (ships , , , , L'Inflexible)
M45	France	Land attack	TN 75	Retired	(ships Le Triomphant, Le Téméraire, Le Vigilant)
M51.1	France	Land attack	TN 75 (retired, 6 × MIRV)	In service	(ships Le Vigilant, Le Terrible)	title=M51	url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/m51/	access-date=2025-05-14	website=Missile Threat	language=en-US}}
M51.2	France	Land attack	TNO ("Tête nucléaire océanique", 4 - 6 × MIRV)	In service	(ships Le Triomphant, Le Téméraire)
M51.3	France	Land attack	TNO-2 ("Tête nucléaire océanique", 6 × MIRV)	In service	SNLE 3G (future)
M51.4	France	Land attack	TNO-2 ("Tête nucléaire océanique", 6 × MIRV)	Under development	SNLE 3G (future)
Pukguksong-1	North Korea	Land attack	Single warhead	In service
Pukguksong-3	North Korea	Land attack	Single warhead	In service	Sinpo-C class
Pukguksong-4	North Korea	Land attack	MIRV (3 warheads)	Under development	Sinpo-C class
Pukguksong-5	North Korea	Land attack	MIRV (3 warheads)	Under development	Sinpo-C class
Pukguksong-6	North Korea	Land attack	MIRV (3 warheads)	Under development	Sinpo-C class
Hwasong-11S	North Korea	Land attack	Single Hwasan-31 tactical nuclear warhead	In service	Sinpo class	{{Cite web	first=Uk	last=Yang	date=29 June 2023	title=북한의 최신 핵무기 개발 현황: 핵그림자를 드리우는 북한의 인지전 시도	trans-title=North Korea's latest nuclear weapons developments: North Korea's cognitive warfare attempts to cast a nuclear shadow
R-11M	USSR	Land attack (tactical)	Conventional (HE) and nuclear (single warhead)	Retired	Zulu IV class
R-13	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead	Retired	Golf I class
R-21	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead	Retired	Golf II class
R-27 Zyb	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead or MRV (3 × warheads)	Retired	Yankee I class	title=R-27 Zyb (SS-N-6)	url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-n-6-r-27-serb/	access-date=2025-05-09	website=Missile Threat	language=en-US}}
R-27U	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead or MRV (3 × warheads)	Retired	Yankee I class
R-27U	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	MRV (3 × warheads)	Retired	Yankee III class
R-27K	USSR	Anti-ship	Single manoeuvring warhead	Cancelled	—
R-29 Vysota	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead	Retired	Delta I class
R-29R	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead	Retired	Delta III class
R-29RK	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	MIRV (3 × warheads)	Retired	Delta III class
R-29RL	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	MIRV (7 × warheads)	Retired	Delta III class
R-29RM Shtil	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	MIRV (4 - 10 × warheads)	In service	Delta III class
R-29RMU2 Sineva	Russia	Land attack (strategic)	MIRV (4 - 10 × warheads)	In service	Delta IV class
R-29RMU2.1 Layner	Russia	Land attack (strategic)	MIRV (4 - 10 × warheads)	In service	Delta IV class
R-30 Bulava	Russia	Land attack (strategic)	MIRV (10 × warheads)	In service	(for testing)
R-31	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead	Retired	Yankee II class
R-39 Rif	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	MIRV (10 × warheads)	Retired
R-39M Grom	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	MIRV (10 × warheads)	Retired
UGM-27A Polaris (A1)	United States	Land attack	1 × W47 Y1	Retired
UGM-27B Polaris (A2)	United States	Land attack	1 × W47 Y1, or	Retired
UGM-27C Polaris (A3)	United States	Land attack	W58 (3 × MIRV)	Retired
UGM-27C Polaris A-3	United States	Land attack	ET.317 (3 × same target area)	Retired
UGM-73A Poseidon (C3)	United States	Land attack	W68 (10 × W68 warheads with Mk3 MIRV)	Retired
UGM-96A Trident I (C4)	United States	Land attack	W76-0 (up to 8 × W76 warheads with Mk4 MIRV)	Retired
UGM-133A Trident II (D5)	United States	Land attack	W76-0 (up to 8 × W76 warheads with Mk4 MIRV), or	In service		title=Trident II D-5 Fleet Ballistic Missile FBM / SLBM - United States Nuclear Forces	url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/usa/slbm/d-5.htm	access-date=2025-05-21	website=nuke.fas.org}}
UGM-133 Trident II (D5)	United States	Land attack	Currently: up to 8 × Holbrook warheads with Mk4/A MIRV.	In service
Future: up to 12 × A21 Astraea warheads with Mk-7 MIRV.	(future SSBN)
UGM-133 Trident II (D5LE)	United States	Land attack	W76-1 (up to 8 × W76 warheads with Mk4A MIRV), or	In service		title=Trident II D-5 Fleet Ballistic Missile FBM / SLBM - United States Nuclear Forces	url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/usa/slbm/d-5.htm	access-date=2025-05-21	website=nuke.fas.org}}
UGM-133 Trident II (D5LE2)	United States	Land attack	W93 (under development; up to 7 × W93 warheads with Mk7 MIRV)	Under development		last=	first=	date=2021-06-10	title=Navy’s SSP Admiral: New Missile Planned for Introduction on 9th Columbia SSBN	url=https://seapowermagazine.org/navys-ssp-admiral-new-missile-planned-for-introduction-on-9th-columbia-ssbn/	access-date=2025-05-21	website=Seapower	language=en-US}}

Submarine-launched cruise missiles

Main article: Submarine-launched cruise missile}}{{See also, List of anti-ship missiles

Conventional cruise missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
Atmaca	Turkey	Anti-ship	HE penetrating warhead	Under development	(Type 214)
BrahMos	India	Land attack /	Conventional (HE, submunitions)	In service	Project 75(I) (in selection)	title=Submarine Launch Version - BrahMos.com	url=https://www.brahmos.com/content.php?id=20	archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250225112733/https://www.brahmos.com/content.php?id=20	archive-date=2025-02-25	access-date=2025-05-19	website=www.brahmos.com}}
Exocet SM39	France	Anti-ship	HE fragmentation warhead	In service
Exocet SM40	France	Anti-ship	HE fragmentation warhead	Under development	Potentially on:
FC/ASW	France	Land attack /	HE warhead	Potential submarine variant	Potentially on:
GEZGİN	Turkey	Land attack	—	Under development	(Type 214)
Haeseong III	South Korea	Land attack	HE warhead	In service	Dosan Ahn Changho class (KSS-III)
Hyunmoo-3 C	South Korea	Land attack	HE warhead	In service	Son Won-il class (Type 214 / KSS II)
Jask-2	Iran	Anti-ship	HE warhead	In service
Jask-3	Iran	Anti-ship	HE warhead	Under development
MdCN	France	Land attack	HE warhead	In service
NASM-MR	India	Anti-ship	HE warhead	Under development	Project 75(I) (in selection)
NSM-SL	Norway	Land attack /	HE fragmentation warhead	Under development
P-900 Alfa (3M51)	Russia	Land attack /	HE warhead	In service
Type 12SM-ER	Japan	Anti-ship	HE warhead	Under development	Oyashio-class
UGM-84 Harpoon	United States	Anti-ship	HE warhead	In service (some variants retire)	(retired)
UGM-109 Tomahawk	United States	Land attack /	HE warhead, or	In service (some variants retired, some in development)		date=2022-11-20	title=Tomahawk Cruise Missile - Think Defence	url=https://www.thinkdefence.co.uk/2022/11/tomahawk-cruise-missile/	access-date=2025-05-13	website=www.thinkdefence.co.uk	language=en-GB}}'''
Undersea Guided Weapon programme	United Kingdom	Anti-ship	—	Cancelled		last=encyclopedia	first=naval	date=2024-10-09	title=Valiant class SSN (1963)	url=https://naval-encyclopedia.com/cold-war/uk/valiant-class-ssn.php	access-date=2025-05-13	website=naval encyclopedia	language=en-US}}
YJ-82	China	Anti-ship	HE fragmentation warhead	In service	Type 035	last1=Carlson	first1=Christopher P.	date=6 February 2013	title=China's Eagle Strike-Eight Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles, Part 2	url=http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/chinas-eagle-strike-eight-anti-ship-cruise-missiles-yj-81-yj-82-and-c802/	access-date=12 August 2018	website=DefenseMediaNetwork}}
YJ-18	China	Anti-ship / anti-radiation	HE fragmentation warhead	In service	Type 093	last1=Gormley	first1=Dennis M.	last2=Erickson	first2=Andrew S.	last3=Yuan	first3=Jingdong	date=30 September 2014	title=A Potent Vector: Assessing Chinese Cruise Missile Developments	url=http://ndupress.ndu.edu/Media/News/NewsArticleView/tabid/7849/Article/577568/jfq-75-a-potent-vector-assessing-chinese-cruise-missile-developments.aspx	journal=Joint Forces Quarterly	publisher=National Defense University	issue=75	pages=102	access-date=8 May 2015}}
3M54 Klub	USSR	Land attack	HE warhead	In service
3SM Tryffing	Norway	Land attack /	—	Potential submarine variant	Type 212CD class
—	Japan	Land attack /	—	Under development

Conventional and nuclear-capable cruise missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
Nirbhay NGSLCM	India	Land attack /	Conventional (HE, submunitions) and nuclear (single warhead)	Under development	Project 75(I) (in selection)	title=Nirbhay	url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/nirbhay/	access-date=2025-05-19	website=Missile Threat	language=en-US}}
	USSR	Anti-ship	Conventional (4G48 shape charge warhead) and nuclear (single 20 kT warhead)	Retired	Echo II class	title=SS-N-3 / SSC-1a Shaddock - Russian / Soviet Nuclear Forces	url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/russia/theater/ss-n-3.htm	access-date=2025-05-19	website=nuke.fas.org}}
P-70 Ametist	USSR	Anti-ship	Conventional and nuclear (single warhead)	Retired	Charlie I class	title=P-70 Amethyst anti-ship cruise missile Missilery.info	url=https://en.missilery.info/missile/ametis	access-date=2025-05-09	website=en.missilery.info}}
P-120 Malakhit	USSR	Anti-ship	Conventional and nuclear (single warhead)	Retired	Charlie II class	title=P-120 Malakhit	url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/102-P-120+Malakhit	access-date=2025-05-09	website=Weaponsystems.net	language=en}}
P-500 Bazalt	USSR	Anti-ship	Conventional (HE) and nuclear (single warhead)	Retired	Echo II class	title=P-500 Bazalt (SS-N-12 Sandbox) – Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance	url=https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/missile-threat-and-proliferation/todays-missile-threat/russia/ss-n-12-sandbox/	access-date=2025-05-09	language=en-US}}
P-1000 Vulkan	USSR	Anti-ship	Conventional (HE) and nuclear (single warhead)	Retired	Echo II class	title=P-1000 Vulkan – Missile Defense Advocacy Alliance	url=https://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/missile-threat-and-proliferation/todays-missile-threat/russia/p-1000-vulkan/	access-date=2025-05-09	language=en-US}}
P-700 Granit	USSR	Anti-ship	Conventional (HE) and nuclear (single warhead)	In service	Oscar I class	title=Anti-ship cruise missile P-700 Granite (3M-45) Missilery.info	url=https://en.missilery.info/missile/granit	access-date=2025-05-09	website=en.missilery.info}}
P-800 Bolid	Russia	Land attack /	Conventional (HE) and nuclear (single warhead)	In service		title=ODIN - OE Data Integration Network	url=https://odin.tradoc.army.mil/WEG/Asset/58109e9df70b8b3b7add4944d26f9ca2	access-date=2025-05-09	website=odin.tradoc.army.mil}}
Popeye Turbo	Israel	Land attack /	Conventional (HE, explosive penetrator) and nuclear (single warhead)	Speculated		last=Newdick	first=Thomas	date=2022-01-20	title=Our First Look At Israel’s New Dakar Class Submarine Reveals A Very Peculiar Feature	url=https://www.twz.com/43951/our-first-look-at-israels-new-dakar-class-submarine-reveals-a-very-peculiar-feature	access-date=2025-05-19	website=The War Zone	language=en-US}}
3M-14 Kalibr	Russia	Land attack	Conventional (HE) and nuclear (single warhead)	In service		title=3M-14 Kalibr (SS-N-30A)	url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-n-30a/	access-date=2025-05-09	website=Missile Threat	language=en-US}}

Nuclear cruise missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
Babur III	Pakistan	Land attack	1 × warhead	In service	Hashmat class (Agosta 70A)
Pulhwasal-3-31	North Korea	Land attack	1 × warhead (Hwasan-31)	In service
P-5 Pyatyorka	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead	Retired	Echo II class	title=SS-N-3 / SSC-1a Shaddock - Russian / Soviet Nuclear Forces	url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/russia/theater/ss-n-3.htm	access-date=2025-05-19	website=nuke.fas.org}}
	USSR	Land attack /	Nuclear (single warhead)	Cancelled	Echo II class
S-10 Granat	USSR	Land attack (strategic)	Single warhead	In service
SLCM-N	United States	Land attack	—	Under development
SSM-N-2 Triton	United States	Land attack	Single warhead (W27)	Cancelled	—	Submarine variant was redundant with Regulus, therefore cancelled.
SSM-N-6 Rigel	United States	Land attack	Single warhead (W5)	Cancelled	—
SSM-N-8 Regulus	United States	Land attack	Single warhead (W5 or W27)	Retired	(USS Barbero)
SSM-N-9 Regulus II	United States	Land attack	Single warhead (W27)	Retired	(USS Tunny)
Unknown Israel nuclear missile	Israel	Land attack	1 × warhead	In service

Submarine launched hypersonic missiles

Conventional hypersonic missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
BrahMos-II	India	Land attack /	Conventional (HE, submunitions)	Under development	Project 75(I) (in selection)	title=Submarine Launch Version - BrahMos.com	url=https://www.brahmos.com/content.php?id=20	archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250225112733/https://www.brahmos.com/content.php?id=20	archive-date=2025-02-25	access-date=2025-05-19	website=www.brahmos.com}}
3M22 Zircon	Russia	Land attack /	Conventional (HE)	In service	Yasen-M class

Submarine launched anti-submarine missiles

Main article: Anti-submarine missile

Conventional anti-submarine missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
UUM-125B Sea Lance	United States	Anti-submarine	Mark 50 homing torpedo	Cancelled
91RE1 Otvet	Russia	Anti-submarine	Homing torpedo	In service	—	title=KALIBR (cruise missile family) Weapons Parade KALIBR (cruise missile family)	url=https://weaponsparade.com/weapon/kalibr-cruise-missile-family/	access-date=2025-05-19	website=Weapons Parade	language=es}}
91RE2 Otvet	Russia	Anti-submarine	Homing torpedo	In service	—

Conventional and nuclear capable anti-submarine missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Notes
RPK-2 Vyuga (533 mm)	USSR	Anti-submarine	82R torpedo, or	In service	title=MilPower - Show warship class	url=http://www.milpower.org/shipclass.asp?class=Akula	access-date=2025-05-09	website=www.milpower.org}}
RPK-2 Vyuga (650 mm)	USSR	Anti-submarine	83R torpedo, or	In service
RPK-6 Vodopad (533 mm)	USSR	Anti-submarine	UMGT -1 torpedo, or	Akula, Sierra and Typhoon	last1=Autofilled	first1=Norman Polmar	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p8WkkBIeKR4C&pg=PT670	title=Cold War Submarines	publisher=Potomac Books	year=2003	isbn=9781597973199	page=670}}
RPK-7 Veter (650 mm)	USSR	Anti-submarine	UMGT -1 torpedo, or	Akula, Sierra and Typhoon

Nuclear anti-submarine missiles

Model	Origin	Role	Warhead type	Status	Used with	Notes
UUM-44 SUBROC	United States	Anti-submarine	W55 nuclear depth charge	Retired
UUM-125A Sea Lance	United States	Anti-submarine	W89 nuclear depth charge	Cancelled

Submarine launched anti-air missiles

This is a list of anti-aircraft warfare missiles that are, will or were used on submarines.

Not included are MANPADS (9K32 Strela-2, 9K34 Strela-3, 9K38 Igla) used by Russian/Soviet submariners, which requires exposing the conning tower and a dedicated submariner holding the launcher to launch.

Model	Origin	Role	Status	Used with	Notes
IDAS	Germany	SHORAD	Under development	Type 212A	last=Staff	first=Naval News	date=2025-01-23	title=TKMS to complete IDAS submarine-launched missile development	url=https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2025/01/tkms-to-complete-idas-submarine-launched-missile-development/	access-date=2025-05-09	website=Naval News	language=en-US}}
	France	SHORAD	Under development	Potentially on:	date=21 November 2012	title=Un nouveau système de défense contre aéronefs pour les sous-marins	url=https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/defense/un-nouveau-systeme-de-defense-contre-aeronefs-pour-les-sous-marins}}
	V/SHORAD
Blowfish	United Kingdom	V/SHORAD	Retired	(temporarily)

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