Stowbtsy

Etymology

"Stowbtsy" means "columns" or "posts" in Belarusian. A suggested version for the name origin: once the Neman River was very deep, and sailing boats had to be tied to wooden posts to secure the boats against a strong flow of the river.

History

The town was founded in 1593. For a long time it was a shtetl with significant Jewish population.

In August 1924, while Stowbtsy was part of the Second Polish Republic, the town was the site of a Soviet-Polish border incident in which a company of Soviet raiders attacked its police station and government building in order to free two imprisoned communist activists (see Soviet raid on Stołpce).

Following the invasion of Poland at the start of World War II in 1939, the town was occupied by the Soviet Union until 1941, then by Nazi Germany until 1944. In June 1941, there were more than 3,000 Jews living in the town, including several hundred refugees from the German occupied parts of Poland. The city was under German occupation from 1941 to 1944. After a week of occupation, the Germans shot around 200 Jews together with several dozen non- Jews, allegedly as a reprisal for sniper fire directed at German soldiers. On September 23, 1942, some 450 Jews were sent to their workplaces, and 750 Jews, most of them women, were shot in a forest, while another 850 either managed to flee or remained in hiding in the ghetto. On October 2, another 488 Jews, composed mostly of women and children were shot. Another 350 Jews were killed on October 11. On January 31, 1943, the remaining 254 Jews, including those brought in from Novy Sverzhen, were shot. In the following days, the captured Jews were also shot and 293 Jews had been shot by February 4, 1943. Some of the Jews who fled the ghetto survived by joining the Bielski partisans in the nearby Naliboki Forest. In 1944, the town was re-occupied by the Soviet Union, which annexed it from Poland in 1945.

Climate

| Jan record high C = 4.3 | Feb record high C = 6.0 | Mar record high C = 13.5 | Apr record high C = 23.2 | May record high C = 28.0 | Jun record high C = 30.3 | Jul record high C = 31.8 | Aug record high C = 31.5 | Sep record high C = 26.5 | Oct record high C = 19.4 | Nov record high C = 11.6 | Dec record high C = 6.0 | year record high C = 31.8

| Jan record low C = -20.1 | Feb record low C = -17.4 | Mar record low C = -11.2 | Apr record low C = -4.1 | May record low C = 0.5 | Jun record low C = 5.0 | Jul record low C = 8.6 | Aug record low C = 6.4 | Sep record low C = 0.8 | Oct record low C = -4.1 | Nov record low C = -9.4 | Dec record low C = -15.4 | year record low C = -20.1

|access-date = January 13, 2024}}

Notable people

• Jakub Kolas (1882, Akinčycy village (now part of Stowbtsy) – 1956), Belarusian writer and poet
• Ivonka Survilla (born 1936), current President of the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic

In popular culture

In Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, Tintin arrived in the Soviet Union via Stowbtsy, where he was taken to a commissar. He later escaped an assassination attempt by an agent of the OGPU.

Notes

References

Bibliography

• .

References

1. "Численность населения на 1 января 2025 г. и среднегодовая численность населения за 2024 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа".
2. "About the city".
3. Латушкін А. Заснаванне г. Стоўбцы (Свержна), ''Верхняе Панямонне''. Вып. 1. Мінск 2012. С. 7-29
4. [[David R. Stone]], "The August 1924 Raid on Stolptsy, Poland, and the Evolution of Soviet Active Intelligence, ''Intelligence and National Security'', vol. 21, no. 3 (June 2006), pp. 331-341
5. "YAHAD - IN UNUM".
6. [http://archives.gov.by/en/welcome-to-the-archives-of-belarus-website/subject-guides-to-archival-records/famous-people/yakub-kolas-personality-and-work Yakub Kolas: personality and work]
7. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060907161340/http://www.svaboda.org/forum/forum.aspx?ForumID=31&y=2006 Ivonka Survilla (Івонка Сурвіла)]