Stewart, British Columbia

History

The Nisga'a, who lived around the Nass River, called the head of Portland Canal Skam-A-Kounst, meaning "safe house" or "strong house", probably because it served them as a retreat from the harassment of the Haida and Tlingit from the outer coast. They travelled in the area seasonally to pick berries and hunt birds. It and the rest of the Portland Canal had previously been the domain of the Tsetsaut people, also called the Skam-a-Kounst Indians, or Jits'aawit in Nisga'a, an Athapaskan people who became decimated by war and disease and were driven out of the Stewart area by either Haida or Nisga'a in 1856–57.

The Portland Canal was first explored and named in July 1793 by Captain George Vancouver in honour of William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (1738–1808), Home Secretary from 1794 to 1801. Vancouver met two friendly native people at the current site of Stewart. The area around the Portland Canal was again explored in 1896 by Captain D.D. Gaillard of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (after whom the Gaillard Cut in the Panama Canal was later named). Two years after Gaillard's visit, the first prospectors and settlers arrived. Among them was D. J. Raine, for whom a creek and a mountain in the area are named. The Stewart brothers arrived in 1902. In 1905, Robert Musket Stewart (1868-1954), the first postmaster, named the town Stewart.

Gold and silver mining dominated the early economy. Nearby Hyder, Alaska, boomed with the discovery of rich silver veins in the upper Salmon River basin in 1917 and 1918. Hyder became an access and supply point for the mines, while Stewart served as the port for Canadian mining activity, which was centred on the town of Premier, which was accessed by a 14 mi road from Hyder. Other mines in the area were the Jumbo, BC Silver, Red Cliff, and Porter-Idaho. More large camps were south of Stewart at Anyox and Maple Bay.

Disney's Eight Below, starring Paul Walker and Jason Biggs, was partially filmed here. The exterior shots from John Carpenter's science fiction classic The Thing were filmed within Salmon Glacier.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Stewart had a population of 517 living in 256 of its 337 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 401. With a land area of 551.57 km2, it had a population density of in 2021.

Transportation

Stewart is accessible by highway from the British Columbia highway system, via Highway 37A, by boat through the Portland Canal, or by air through Stewart Airport.

Location

West of Stewart is Hyder, Alaska, which is only 3 km from the town. Northwest of Stewart, and accessible only by way of Hyder, is Premier, British Columbia, notable for being in Canada, but accessible only through a portion of the United States that is accessible only from Canada.

East of the town is Meziadin Junction, which is 61 km from the town. Also east is Kitwanga, British Columbia, which is located 218 km from the town, and Dease Lake, British Columbia, which is located 392 km north of Stewart. It is the northernmost point on Canada's Pacific coast.

Climate

Stewart has a humid continental climate (Dfb), with about 1866.8 mm per year of precipitation, much of it as snow, and an average yearly temperature of 6.1 C, according to Environment Canada. Stewart is Canada's most northerly ice-free port. Due to its proximity to the ocean, the climate retains strong maritime influences, with winters being far milder than locations farther inland. With an average of 985 hours of annual sunshine, Stewart is one of the cloudiest places in the world.

Climate ID: 1067742; coordinates ; elevation: 7.3 m; 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1910–present |Jan record high C = 13.3 |Feb record high C = 11.7 |Mar record high C = 17.1 |Apr record high C = 25.5 |May record high C = 31.7 |Jun record high C = 35.0 |Jul record high C = 33.4 |Aug record high C = 32.7 |Sep record high C = 30.6 |Oct record high C = 20.6 |Nov record high C = 14.4 |Dec record high C = 11.2 |year record high C = 35.0 |Jan record low C = -30.0 |Feb record low C = -28.3 |Mar record low C = -23.3 |Apr record low C = -13.9 |May record low C = -4.4 |Jun record low C = -2.8 |Jul record low C = 0.0 |Aug record low C = -5.0 |Sep record low C = -3.9 |Oct record low C = -12.8 |Nov record low C = -24.8 |Dec record low C = -26.1 |year record low C = -30.0 |access-date=16 July 2014 }}{{cite web |access-date=13 May 2016 }}{{cite web |access-date=13 May 2016 }}{{cite web |access-date=13 May 2016 }} wind chill

References

References

1. "British Columbia Regional Districts, Municipalities, Corporate Name, Date of Incorporation and Postal Address". British Columbia Ministry of Communities, Sport and Cultural Development.
2. {{BCGNIS. 37405. Stewart (district municipality)
3. {{BCGNIS. 54631. Sgamagunt (site)
4. (1798). "A voyage of discovery to the North Pacific Ocean and round the world; in which the coast of North-west America has been carefully examined and accurately surveyed : undertaken by his Majesty's command, principally with a view to ascertain the existence of any navigable communication between the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans ; and performed in the years 1790, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794 and 1795, in the discovery sloop of war, and armed tender Chatham, under the command of Captain George Vancouver". Printed for G.G. and J. Robinson, Paternoster-Row, and J. Edwards, Pall-Mall.
5. (February 9, 2022). "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), British Columbia". [[Statistics Canada]].
6. [[Environment Canada]]—[http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?stnID=434 Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010], accessed 16 July 2014
7. (2019-08-08). "Stewart port receives $13 million for export expansion".
8. "Refroidissement éolien (wind chill)". [[Environment and Climate Change Canada]].