St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)

Former structures

The congregation's first location was opened for service in January 1835, in a plain church at the corner of Great Jones Street and fashionable Lafayette Place.

The second location, built from 1872 to 1876 was designed by James Renwick, the architect of St. Patrick's Cathedral, in the Lombardic style. who took as his inspiration the church of Saint-Gilles, Gard, between Arles and Nîmes, which White had admired in 1878; the sculptures in the tympana are Renaissance-inspired. The portal was paid for by the family of Cornelius Vanderbilt II as a memorial; Vanderbilt's father, William H. Vanderbilt, had sold the site to the church. The magnificent bronze doors, with bas-reliefs in panels depicting episodes from the Old and New Testaments, were carried out by some of New York's established sculptors: Andrew O'Connor, working freely under the general direction of Daniel Chester French, executed the main door; the south door was executed by Herbert Adams, the north door by Philip Martiny.

Present structure

The current church was erected in 1916–17. The original freely handled and simplified Byzantine Revival design by Bertram Goodhue was called "a jewel in a monumental setting" by Christine Smith in 1988. Goodhue modified his design in response to the requirement that the old church portal, beloved by the parishioners, be preserved, with its bronze doors, from the Madison Avenue building and re-erected on the new site.

The foundation stone of Goodhue's original design, a vast, unified barrel-vaulted space, without side aisles or chapels and with severely reduced transepts, was laid May 1, 1917 and the construction was sufficiently far along for the church to be consecrated in 1918; its design was altered during construction, after Goodhue's sudden, unexpected death in 1924, by his office associates, in partnership as Mayers, Murray and Philips; they were engaged in erecting the community house, continuing with the same materials, subtly variegated salmon and cream-colored bricks and creamy Indiana limestone; they designed the terrace that still provides the equivalent of a small square, surrounded by the cliff-like facades of Midtown commercial structures; in summer, supplied with umbrellas and tables, it becomes the outside dining area for the restaurant, Inside Park. They also inserted the "much discussed"}} Completed in 1930, the church contains stained-glass windows and mosaics by Hildreth Meiere, and a marble baptismal font by the Danish follower of Canova, Bertel Thorvaldsen. St. Bartholomew's was completed at a cost of $5.4 million.

The church is known for a wide range of programs. It draws parishioners from all areas of New York City and surroundings. It is the final resting place for actresses Lillian Gish (1893–1993), Dorothy Gish (1898–1968), and their mother Mary Gish (1876–1948).

Landmark status

Saint Bartholomew's Church and Community House was designated a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1967, a move opposed at the time by the rector and vestry. Beginning in 1981, St. Bartholomew's found itself the subject of a much-publicized case concerning air rights in the highly-competitive New York real estate market clashing with historical preservation. Some of the members of the parish wanted to replace the community house and open terrace with a high-rise commercial structure that would re-capitalize the parish's depleted funds. Following a series of public hearings, the Landmarks Preservation Commission turned down the plans for a high-rise office building. The church unsuccessfully argued before the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Manhattan that the Landmark designation violated their constitutional rights. That decision was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which eventually resolved the matter in favor of the Landmarks Commission in 1991 by declining to hear the appeal.

In 1992, with the parish's support, the St Bartholomew's Preservation Foundation was established. After a two-year fund drive, restoration of the St. Bartholomew's site began. Leaking roof drains were made watertight, the iconic dome was temporarily secured, and the Great Terrace and 50th Street wall were rebuilt. "Inside Park," the site's popular restaurant, also opened in 1992. In 2012, the wholly independent St. Bartholomew's Conservancy replaced the St. Bartholomew's Preservation Foundation.

The National Historic Landmarks Committee of the National Park Service Advisory Board unanimously recommended that the St. Bartholomew's site be designated a National Historic Landmark, citing its importance as an exceptional work of architecture and art. On November 2, 2016, St. Bartholomew's Church and Community House were designated a National Historic Landmark. Restoration of the church's iconic dome was completed in 2017.

Music

One of the church's former choir-directors was the famous conductor Leopold Stokowski, who was brought from the United Kingdom by St. Bart's; he was followed by the organist-choirmaster David McKinley Williams. St. Bartholomew's is noted for its Skinner Organ Company pipe organ, the largest in New York and among the largest in the world. It was dedicated in a concert December 9, 1930, in a concert given by Williams. Another of the church's music directors was Harold Friedell, the well-known composer and Juilliard educator. The church's renowned choir has maintained its distinction under the direction of conductors such as organist-music director Jack Ossewaarde, William Trafka and James Litton. The Chorister Program has also had success in bringing together children ages 6–18 to sing in the church, and has been featured on shows such as The Today Show and Good Morning America.

In popular culture

• In the 1981 movie Arthur, Arthur's (Dudley Moore) wedding with Susan Johnson (Jill Eikenberry) was to take place at St. Bart's. The infamous wedding scene in the remake of the same film was also filmed at St. Bart's in July 2010.
• In the 1995 movie It Takes Two, the wedding of Roger Callaway (Steve Guttenberg) during the film's climax is at St. Bartholomew's.
• In the 2010 film Salt, the Russian President is supposedly killed in the church while delivering a eulogy at the funeral of the late American Vice President.
• In the television series Mad Men, Margaret Sterling, the daughter of Roger Sterling, plans to marry in the church.
• In the television series *Everything's Gonna Be Okay *, Matilda, Genevieve, and Nicholas visit the church during their visit to New York.

Gallery

|Image:St barts nyc.jpg|View from the north on Park Avenue |Image:StBartsStainedGlass1.JPG|First stained glass window from the entrance on the north side of the church. |Image:StBartsStainedGlassBalcony.JPG|Stained glass rose window over balcony overlooking the pews. |Image:StBartsStainedGlassOrgan.JPG|Facing west, silhouette of the organ against stained glass panels in balcony. |Image:StBart, Chancel.jpg|The central altar, the choir, and the high altar in the chancel |Image:StBartsVestibule.JPG|Angel praying towards relief of the Last Supper in the baptismal chamber north of the altar. |File:NYC St. Bartholomew's 01.jpg|Gallery Organ |File:NYC St. Bartholomew's 02.jpg|North Chancel Organ |File:NYC St. Bartholomew's 03.jpg|South Chancel Organ |File:StBart, Ceiling.jpg|Interior of the dome

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading

References

1. {{NRISref. 2009a
2. (November 7, 2014). "Cultural Resource Information System (CRIS)". [[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]].
3. "St. Barts 100 {{!}} St. Bart's".
4. "Explore Individual Parochial Report Trends".
5. (November 2, 2016). "Secretary Jewell, Director Jarvis Announce 10 New National Historic Landmarks Illustrating America's Diverse History, Culture". Department of the Interior.
6. at the southwest corner of [[Madison Avenue (Manhattan). Madison Avenue]] and [[44th Street (Manhattan)
7. Gray, Christopher. (October 8, 2006). "Time and Gravity Take a Toll on St. Bartholomew's Church". The New York Times.
8. {{cite fromatoz
9. Smith, Christine. (1988). "St. Bartholomew's Church in the City of New York". Oxford University Press.
10. ''To the Glory of God this foundation stone was laid on the first day of May in the Year of our Lord MD CCCC XVII and of the Reformation The Four Hundredth by the Right Reverend David Hummel Greer - Bishop of New York - Sometime Rector of this Parish'' ([https://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/454844610/ Foundation stone])
11. Gray, Christopher. (April 16, 2000). "Streetscapes/2 West 47th Street, the Office of R. O. Blechman; One Artist Preserves the 1912 Studio of Another". The New York Times.
12. {{cite nycland
13. "History - St. Bartholomew's Conservancy".
14. Norfleet, Chris. (September 27, 2017). "St. Bart's Dome Restoration".
15. "Looking Back Into the Past" (PDF). The Diapason. 47 (2): 22. January 1, 1956.