SPAL

History

From foundation to World War II

The club was founded in March 1907 as Circolo Ars et Labor (Latin for Art and Work Club) by the Salesian priest Pietro Acerbis. In the early stages, it was mainly a cultural and religious association, then in 1913 it became a multi-sports company, taking the name of Società Polisportiva Ars et Labor (a mixture of Italian and Latin meaning Sports Club Society of Art and Work). The team began its professional activity under the aegis of the Italian Football Federation (Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio) in 1919, competing in the second-tier tournament.

SPAL played in the top flight league from 1920 to 1925, reaching the qualification playoff for the National Finals in 1921–22. From 1925 until the Second World War, they played in Serie B and Serie C: in this period, the club's all-time top striker Mario Romani scored 130 goals in 189 games during two different periods with the white-blues (1925–32 and 1937–38).

Between 1939 and 1943 the club temporarily changed its name to Associazione Calcio Ferrara, wearing the black and white colours of the city. After the suspension of the championships due to war, in 1945 the club returned to the name SPAL and to the light blue and white kits.

The golden period in Serie A

In 1946 Paolo Mazza became chairman of the club. After five consecutive seasons in Serie B, SPAL won promotion to Serie A after finishing the championship first in 1950–51. The white-blues subsequently stayed in the top division for most of the 1950s and 1960s, competing in 16 out of 17 Serie A seasons from 1951 to 1968.

SPAL finished fifth in 1959–60, thus obtaining the best placement in its history. Also, in 1961–62 they played in the Coppa Italia final, losing against Napoli. In the early stages of 1962–63 season, in which the club finished in eighth place, the white and blues reached the top of the league table. During those years, the club was a launchpad for many young players, among them Fabio Capello.

In 1963–64 they were relegated to Serie B, but they came back to Serie A after only one year, and remained in the top division until 1968. At the end of the last season in the top flight, SPAL won the Cup of Italian-Swiss Friendship.

From 1970s to 21st century

During 1970s, 1980s and 1990s SPAL played mostly in Serie B and Serie C/C1.

Paolo Mazza quit the presidency in December 1976 and was replaced by Primo Mazzanti. The former chairman died in December 1981 and three months later Ferrara's Stadio Comunale was named after him.

In 1990, Giovanni Donigaglia became chairman of the club: between 1990 and 1992 SPAL obtained back-to-back promotions from Serie C2 to Serie B, under the management of Giovan Battista Fabbri. Donigaglia left the presidency in 2002 with the squad in Serie C1. He was replaced by Lino di Nardo.

Recent years

The club went bankrupt in 2005, and were reformed as SPAL 1907, under the terms of Article 52 of N.O.I.F. In the summer of 2012, after suffering a second bankruptcy, the club was refounded for the second time as Real SPAL and would begin life in Serie D under the same N.O.I.F. article.

At the end of the 2012–13 season the club took back its original name. Giacomense, a club founded in 1967 at Masi San Giacomo, a frazione of Masi Torello, had moved to the city of Ferrara; on 12 July 2013, owner Roberto Benasciutti made a deal with the Colombarini family for a merger between SPAL and Giacomense, with the latter giving its sports title to SPAL and continuing to play in Ferrara. The club initially adopted the name S.P.A.L. 2013, in order to continue the football history of the whiteblues, then they took back the original denomination of S.P.A.L.. Walter Mattioli became president, with Simone and Francesco Colombarini as main shareholders.

They finished the 2013–14 Lega Pro Seconda Divisione season in sixth place, thus qualifying for the inaugural unified 2014–15 Lega Pro season. In 2015–16, the squad won promotion to Serie B for the first time since the 1992–93 season, after finishing first in group B of the Lega Pro. The following year they came first in Serie B, thus obtaining promotion to Serie A after a 49-year absence. In their first season back in Serie A, SPAL avoided relegation by finishing in 17th place. At the end of the 2018–19 season they confirmed their presence in the top flight for a third consecutive year, finishing 13th. The club had mixed fortunes in the 2019–20 season and, after gaining just 15 points in 23 games, coach Leonardo Semplici was dismissed in February 2020, replaced by Luigi Di Biagio. SPAL were relegated to Serie B, finishing in last place with 20 points. The club reached the 2020–21 Coppa Italia quarter-finals, becoming the only team from Serie B to advance to that stage in the competition.

In August 2021, the club was acquired by the American lawyer and businessman Joe Tacopina. Some media say that the real owners behind Mr. Tacopina are brothers Alessandro Bazzoni and Lorenzo Bazzoni, Italian businessmen presumed to be linked with the government of Nicolas Maduro. SPAL was relegated to Serie C at the end of the 2022–23 season. On 2 January 2024, Tacopina revealed the name of the new co-owner of the club, American broker and businessman Marcello Follano, with whom he founded a new parent company controlling SPAL, Tacollano Holdings LLC. However, on 7 June 2025, SPAL announced that it would not participate in the 2025–26 Serie C season, due to ongoing financial strain and the inability to attract new investors, despite having injected around €50 million into the club over the past four years. SPAL eventually went into liquidation although a new club Ars et Labor Ferrara was founded, for the 2025/2026 season playing in the Eccellenza Emilia-Romagna (fifth tier) league.

Colours, badge and nicknames

The team's colours are light blue and white, which derive from the Salesians' emblem. The home kit, since 1962, has been composed of a vertical striped light blue-white shirt, white trainers and white socks. The only exception to light blue and white was when the club adopted a black and white kit between 1939 and 1943 (when it was named A.C. Ferrara), in honour of Ferrara's civic colours.

The team's badge features an oval-shaped light blue escutcheon, with a white band in the upper section, on which is written the acronym S.P.A.L. in golden characters. Also, in the lower section, the black and white emblem of the city is featured. From 1980 until 1995, the official badge featured a fawn, another symbol of the club.

SPAL's most common nicknames are Biancazzurri (from the club colours, light blue and white) and Estensi (from the House of Este, ancient European noble dynasty that ruled Ferrara from 1264 to 1598).

Stadium

Main article: Stadio Paolo Mazza

• Campo di Piazza d'Armi (1919–28)
• Stadio Paolo Mazza (1928–)

The current home ground of SPAL is the 16,134 seater Stadio Paolo Mazza. The stadium was opened in September 1928 as Stadio Comunale, then took on its current name in February 1982, in honour of the former president of the club Paolo Mazza, who died two months earlier.

Initially it had a capacity of 4,000. Then, in concomitance with the promotion of SPAL to Serie A, in 1951 it was subjected to a heavy restructuring that brought capacity to 25,000. Between 1960s and 1980s it was renovated again, reducing the number of possible spectators to 22,000 until the mid-2000s.

From 2005 to 2016 the stadium capacity was limited to 7,500 due to safety reasons and cost containment. In 2016–17, after the club's promotion to Serie B and then to Serie A, the stadium was restructured again to match the modern needs of comfort and safety. In the summer of 2018 a further remodeling took place, in order to bring the total capacity from 13,135 seats to 16,134.

Sponsors

Kit sponsors

• 1981–86: Adidas
• 1986–87: Meyba
• 1987–89: Fitness
• 1989–91: WBS
• 1991–04: Asics
• 2004–05: Zeus
• 2005–09: Legea
• 2009–10: Asics
• 2010–12: Givova
• 2012–13: Legea
• 2013–16: Erreà
• 2016–17: HS Football
• 2017–25: Macron*
• 2025–present: Erreà

Players

Captains

Below a chronological list of SPAL captains since 1950.

Technical staff

Chairmen history

SPAL have had several presidents (chairmen) ( or ) over the course of their history. Some of them have been the main shareholder of the club. The longest-serving is Paolo Mazza.

Managerial history

SPAL have had many managers and head coaches throughout their history, below is a chronological list of them.

Club records

League

Below is a table showing the participation of SPAL in the Italian football leagues.

Individual

Below is a table showing the recordmen of matches played and goals scored for SPAL in the Italian football leagues.

• 287 ITA Giulio Boldrini (1967–77)
• 263 ITA Andrea Pierobon (1997–05)
• 244 ARG Oscar Massei (1959–68)
• 241 ITA Franco Pezzato (1964–67, 1972–76, 1977–79, 1983–84)
• 228 ITA Gianfranco Bozzao (1958–61, 1962–68) : 228 ITA Giuseppe Brescia (1988–93, 1994–96)
• 210 ITA Aulo Gelio Lucchi (1951–59)
• 198 ITA Manuel Lazzari (2013–19)
• 195 ITA Ermelindo D'Agostini (1934–43)
• 189 ITA Mario Romani (1924–32, 1937–38)
• 186 ITA Aldo Barbieri (1925–33, 1935–36)
• 183 ITA Francesco Vicari (2016–22)
• 182 ITA Luigi Olasi (1930–37) : 182 ITA Mauro Gibellini (1971–73, 1975–81)
• 181 ITA Ferdinando Donati (1970–71, 1972–74, 1976–79)
• 177 ITA Mirco Antenucci (2016–19, 2023–25)
• 174 ITA Carlo Novelli (1955–57, 1959–65)
• 129 ITA Mario Romani (1924–32, 1937–38)
• 92 ITA Aldo Barbieri (1925–33, 1935–36)
• 81 ITA Franco Pezzato (1964–67, 1972–76, 1977–79, 1983–84)
• 59 ITA Emanuele Cancellato (1997–02)
• 52 ARG Oscar Massei (1959–68)
• 50 ITA Mirco Antenucci (2016–19, 2023–25)
• 49 ITA Mauro Gibellini (1971–73, 1975–81)
• 46 ITA Bruno Braga (1929–35)
• 43 ITA Girolamo Bizzarri (1993–95)
• 38 ITA Goffredo Colombi (1949–53)
• 36 ITA Carlo Novelli (1955–57, 1959–65)
• 34 MAR Rachid Arma (2008–09, 2011–12)
• 33 ITA Tiziano Manfrin (1974–79) : 33 ITA Gianmarco Zigoni (2015–17)
• 32 ITA Alberto Fontanesi (1950–53)
• 31 ITA Savino Bellini (1934–36, 1946–48) : 31 ITA Mario Astorri (1942–43, 1945–46)

Honours

Below is a list of titles and cups won by SPAL throughout their history.

Domestic

League titles

• Serie B
  • Winners (2): 1950–51, 2016–17
• Serie C / Serie C1 / Lega Pro
  • Winners (5): 1937–38, 1972–73, 1977–78, 1991–92, 2015–16
  • Runners-up (5): 1941–42, 1942–43, 1969–70, 1970–71, 1995–96
• Serie C2
  • Winners (1): 1997–98
  • Runners-up (1): 1990–91

Cups

• Coppa Italia
  • Runners-up (1): 1961–62
• Coppa Italia Serie C
  • Winners (1): 1998–99
  • Runners-up (1): 1988–89
• Supercoppa di Serie C / Lega Pro
  • Winners (1): 2016

European

• Cup of Italian-Swiss Friendship
  • Winners (1): 1968

Youth

• Campionato Primavera Serie B
  • Winners (1): 1964–65
• Campionato De Martino Serie A
  • Winners (1): 1967–68
• Campionato Nazionale Under-18
  • Winners (2): 2021–22, 2022–23

References

References

1. Soattin, Davide. (15 April 2020). "La SPAL gioca contro il Coronavirus: tutte le iniziative dei biancazzurri".
2. Giordano, Francesco Paolo. (8 April 2017). "Nobiltà estense".
3. "Stadio Paolo Mazza".
4. "La storia della S.P.A.L.".
5. Hooper, Alasdair. (18 August 2017). "Who are SPAL? The incredible rise of Serie A's new boys as club prepare for first top-flight fixture since 1968". talkSPORT.
6. Carraro, Franco. (16 August 2005). "Comunicato Ufficiale Nº66/A (2005–06)". Italian Football Federation.
7. (8 August 2012). "FIGC registers SPAL in Serie D". il Resto del Carlino.
8. (3 August 2012). "First day in school for SPAL: ''It will return to his real level''". estense.com.
9. (13 May 2017). "SPAL promoted to Serie A". Football Italia.
10. "Serie A basement battle".
11. (10 February 2020). "Spal: ufficiale l'esonero di Semplici, al suo posto Di Biagio". la repubblica.com.
12. (11 March 2022). "Spal, una famiglia italiana 'top-secret' al fianco di Tacopina".
13. Ocando, Casto. (2023-05-16). "De Londres a Dubai, de Zurich a México DF y Caracas: la red que movió millones de la corrupción de Pdvsa". Primer Informe.
14. (13 May 2024). "Serie B: Benevento and SPAL relegated". Football Italia.
15. Malaguti, Mauro. (25 January 2024). "Spal, irrompe il finanziere del New Jersey".
16. (7 June 2025). "La Spal non disputerà il campionato di Serie C 2025-2026: è ufficiale". Sky Sport.
17. Mazzoni, Cristiano. (19 March 2018). "Il cerbiatto sacrificale si ribella e le stelle stanno a guardare, alla faccia dei pronostici".
18. "Gli Estensi".
19. (20 December 2017). "SPAL receives boost to further expand stadium". TheStadiumBusiness.
20. "Presentate le nuove maglie della Spal 2009/2010".
21. "Givova sponsor tecnico con alcune novità".
22. "Accordo ufficiale con la Legea sponsor tecnico".
23. "Strisce strette e verde fluo, le maglie della SPAL 2015-2016".
24. "Le maglie della SPAL 2016-2017 per il grande ritorno in Serie B".
25. "Macron sponsor tecnico della SPAL per le prossime quattro stagioni".
26. (24 September 2007). "Oscar Massei è ora cittadino onorario della nostra città".
27. Bolognesi, Augusto. "Capitani Spallini - Almanacco S.P.A.L.".
28. Malaguti, Mauro. (2017). "SPAL 110 (1907-2017). Storia critica, uomini e numeri della squadra dalla nascita al trionfale ritorno in serie A". Gianni Marchesini Editore.
29. (18 June 2023). "Spal fra storia, presente e futuro: i protagonisti diventati immortali".
30. Gruppioni, Graziano. (2017). "S.P.A.L. - Un sogno biancoazzurro. Dalle origini del calcio a Ferrara alla prima serie A". 2G Libri.
31. Piffanelli, Corrado. (1991). "La storia della SPAL". [[Il Resto del Carlino]].