Soviet cruiser Molotov

Description

Molotov and her sister Maxim Gorky had heavier armor and were slightly improved from the first two Kirov-class cruisers of Project 26, and were thus designated Project 26bis.

She was 187 m long at the waterline, 191.4 m long overall, with a beam of 17.66 m and a draft between 5.87 to. She displaced 8177 t at standard load and 9728 t at full load.

Her steam turbines produced a total of 129750 shp during her sea trials, reaching a maximum speed of 36.72 kn, just shy of her designed speed of 37 knots, mainly because she was overweight by 900 t. Molotov normally carried 650 t of fuel oil, 1660 t at full load and 1750 t at overload. This gave her a range of 4220 nmi at 18 kn.

Molotov carried nine 180 mm 57-calibre B-1-P guns in three electrically powered MK-3-180 triple turrets. Six 533 mm 39-Yu torpedo tubes were fitted in two triple mountings.

Molotov was the first Soviet ship to carry radar, a Redut-K air warning system, which she used for the entire war. Soviet-designed Mars-1 gunnery radar systems were added by 1944.

Wartime modifications

By 1943 three of Molotovs 45 mm semi-automatic guns were replaced with twelve fully automatic 37 mm 70-K AA guns with one thousand rounds per gun and two extra DK machine guns. Her aircraft catapult was removed in 1942 to make room for more light AA guns.

In 1943 an improved ZK-1a catapult was fitted and successfully test-launched a Supermarine Spitfire fighter. However, in 1947 the concept was abandoned and the catapult was removed.

World War II

Molotov was laid down at the Marti South, Nikolayev on 14 January 1937, launched on 4 December 1939 and was completed on 14 June 1941. As the only ship in the Soviet Navy with radar, Molotov remained in Sevastopol for the initial period of Operation Barbarossa to provide air warning. The advance of German troops into the Crimea in late October 1941 forced her to transfer to Tuapse where she continued to provide air warning. However, the ship did bombard German troops near Feodosiya with nearly 200 180 mm shells on 9 November before returning to Tuapse. Molotov helped to carry the 386th Rifle Division from Poti to Sevastopol between 24 and 28 December 1941. While off-loading troops on 29 December her stern was damaged by German artillery and she shelled Axis positions in retaliation, firing 205 180 mm and 107 100 mm shells. The ship evacuated 600 wounded upon her departure on 30 December.

Molotov reprised her role as a transport during the first week of January. Her bow was damaged during a heavy storm in Tuapse when she was thrown against the jetty on 21–22 January 1942. The ship spent most of the next month under repair, although her bow could not be straightened; the residual damage reduced her speed by several knots. She made a number of bombardment sorties in support of Soviet troops on the Kerch Peninsula until 20 March when she returned to Poti for more permanent repairs. On 12 June Molotov transported 2998 men of the 138th Rifle Brigade to Sevastopol, shelling German positions while unloading. She evacuated 1065 wounded and 350 women and children as she departed. On 2 August, while returning from another bombardment mission near Feodosiya, 20 m of her stern was blown off by Heinkel He 111 torpedo bombers of 6./KG 26 acting in concert with Italian MAS motor torpedo boats. The damage reduced her speed to 10 kn and Molotov had to be steered by her engines. Molotov was under repair at Poti until 31 July 1943 and used the stern of the incomplete Frunze, the rudder of the incomplete cruiser Zheleznyakov, the steering gear from the cruiser and the steering sensor from the submarine .

Postwar career

Molotov was refitted in November 1945 to repair the last of her wartime damage. She suffered a fire in the shell handling room for Turret #2 on 5 October 1946 that had to be extinguished by flooding the magazine and handling room at the cost of 22 dead and 20 wounded. The ship served as the test bed for the radars intended for the and s during the late 1940s.

As part of this modernization Molotov received a radar suite composed of Gyuys for air search, Rif for surface search, Zalp for main-armament gunnery and Yakor' for anti-aircraft gunnery. All of her light anti-aircraft guns were replaced by eleven twin gun water-cooled 37 mm V-11 mounts and her 100 mm guns were reinstalled on fully powered B-34USMA mountings. Her anti-aircraft fire-control system was replaced by a Zenit-26 with SPN-500 stabilized directors. In addition she lost her torpedo tubes, anti-submarine weapons, boat cranes and all remaining aircraft equipment. This cost 200 million rubles, between half and three-quarters the cost of a new Project 68bis .

On 29 October 1955 the ship participated in rescue efforts after an explosion sank the ex-Italian battleship Novorossiysk. Five of her own men were lost when the battleship capsized almost three hours after the explosion. She was renamed Slava on 3 August 1957 after Vyacheslav Molotov was purged from the government after an unsuccessful coup against Nikita Khrushchev that same year.Vyacheslav Molotov joked: "Firstly the cruiser was named on my family name, now she is named on my first name". ("Slava" means in Russian not only glory, but also is a diminutive of Vyacheslav.) She was reclassified as a training cruiser on 3 August 1961. Slava was deployed to the Mediterranean between 5–30 June 1967 to show Soviet support of Syria during the Six-Day War. She returned to the Mediterranean between September and December 1970, where the ship assisted the destroyer Bravyi after the latter's collision with the aircraft carrier on 9 November 1970. Slava was sold for scrap on 4 April 1972.

Notes

Footnotes

References

• Mandel, Vladimir, "Cold War Duty in the Black Sea Fleet," Naval History (Annapolis, Md., April 2011), pp. 42–48

References

1. Yakubov and Worth, p. 93
2. Yakubov and Worth, p. 84
3. Yakubov and Worth, p. 90
4. Her secondary armament consisted of three single {{convert. 100. mm. anti-aircraft]] guns fitted on each side of the rear funnel. Her light AA guns consisted of nine semi-automatic {{convert. 45. mm. 21-K]] AA guns and four [[DShK. DK]] {{convert. 12.7. mm. in
5. Yakubov and Worth, p. 88
6. Yakubov and Worth, p. 89
7. Yakubov and Worth, p. 94
8. Rohwer, p. 111
9. Rohwer, p. 184
10. "Cruiser Ave 26-bis "Molotov"". navsource.narod.ru.
11. Yakubov and Worth, p. 91
12. McLaughlin, Stephen. (2007). "Warship 2007". Conways.
13. Кузин. В. П.. Санкт-Петербург. (1996)
14. Yakubov and Worth, p. 95