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Southwestern Front (Russian Empire)

Army group of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I

Summary

Army group of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I

FieldValue
unit_nameSouthwestern Front
Юго-Западный фронт
imageFile:Staff of Russian army, WWI south-west front.jpg
image_size280
captionThe headquarters staff of the Southwestern Front, 1917
dates1914–1918
countryRussian Empire
Ukrainian People's Republic
branchRussian Imperial Army
roleArmy group
size~2,000,000
battlesWorld War I
notable_commandersNikolai Ivanov
Alexei Brusilov
Lavr Kornilov

Юго-Западный фронт Ukrainian People's Republic

  • Battle of Galicia
  • Brusilov Offensive Alexei Brusilov Lavr Kornilov The Southwestern Front () was an army group of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I as part of the Eastern Front war theater.

During the conflict it was responsible for managing operations along a front line that stretched 615 kilometers across Ukraine, starting from what is now southern Belarus to northern Romania. To its left side (south), there was located Romanian Front which was a joint formation of the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Romania. To its right side (north), there was located Northwestern Front which in 1915 split and Western Front was one that covered right flank of the Southwestern Front. The front was facing primarily against Austro-Hungarian Army and in few operations against Imperial German Army.

In 1917 the headquarters of the Front was located in Berdychiv and later moved west to Rivne.

It was established in August 1914 based on units of the Kiev Military District and the Odessa Military District and lasted throughout the war until the unrest caused by the Russian Revolution, at which point it was demobilized along with the rest of the Russian Army in early 1918. In total some two million troops had been under its command.

Operations

  • Battle of Galicia (23 August – 11 September 1914) → Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia
  • Siege of Przemyśl (16 September 1914 – 22 March 1915)
  • Battle of the Vistula River (29 September – 31 October 1914)
  • Battle of Krzywopłoty (17 – 18 November 1914)
  • Battle of Limanowa (1 – 13 December 1914)
  • Battle of Łowczówek (22 – 25 December 1914)
  • Carpathian Front (7 January – 20 April 1915)
  • Gorlice–Tarnów offensive (2 May – 13 July 1915)
  • Great Retreat (13 July – 19 September 1915)
  • Rovno offensive (27 August – 15 October 1915)
  • Brusilov offensive (4 June – 20 September 1916)
  • Kerensky offensive (1 – 19 July 1917)
  • Battle of Krechowce (24 July 1917)
  • Operation Faustschlag (18 February – 3 March 1918) → Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
  • Battle of Bakhmach (8 – 13 March 1918)
  • Crimea Operation (13 – 25 April 1918)

Key events

  • Arrest of Generals in Berdychiv (29 August – 27 September 1917)
  • Kornilov affair (10 – 13 September 1917) → Bolshevik coup-d'etat
  • Assassination of Nikolay Dukhonin in Mogilev
  • Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
  • Ukrainian–Soviet War (8 November 1917 – 17 November 1921)

Armies deployed on the Southwestern Front

The following field armies were part of the Southwestern Front.

  • 3rd Army (July 1914 – June 1915 and June 1916 – July 1916)
    • 19.07.1914 – 03.09.1914 — General of Infantry Nikolai Ruzsky
    • 03.09.1914 – 20.05.1915 — General of Infantry Radko Dimitriev
    • 03.06.1915 – 03.08.1917 — General of Infantry Leonid Lesh
  • 5th Army (July 1914 – September 1914)
    • General of Cavalry Pavel Plehve
  • 8th Army (July 1914 – August 1917)
    • 28.07.1914 – 17.03.1916 — General of Cavalry Aleksei Brusilov
    • 23.03.1916 – 29.04.1917 — General of Cavalry Alexey Kaledin
    • 29.04.1917 – 10.07.1917 — General of Infantry Lavr Kornilov
    • 11.07.1917 – 25.07.1917 — Lieutenant-General Vladimir Cheremisov
    • 30.07.1917 – 17.10.1917 — Lieutenant-General Michai Sokownin
  • 4th Army (August 1914 – June 1915)
    • General of Infantry Alexei Evert
  • 9th Army (August 1914 – December 1916 )
    • General of Infantry Platon Lechitsky
  • 7th Army (October 1914 – early 1918)
    • 19 July 1914 – 19 October 1915 — General of Artillery Vladimir Nikolayevich Nikitin
    • 19 October 1915 – 11 April 1917 — General of Infantry Dmitry Shcherbachev
    • 13 April 1917 – 20 June 1917 — Lieutenant-General Leonid Bielkowicz
    • 26 June 1917 – 9 September 1917 — Lieutenant-General Vladimir Selivachyov
    • 9 September 1917 – 3 December 1917 — Lieutenant-General Januariusz Cichowicz
  • 11th Army (October 1914 – early 1918), created during the Siege of Przemyśl as "Siege Army"
    • 21.10.1914 – 05.04.1915 — General of Infantry Andrey Selivanov
    • 05.04.1915 – 19.10.1915 — General of Infantry Dmitry Shcherbachev
    • 19.10. 1915 – 25.10.1916 — General of Infantry Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov
    • 25.10.1916 – 20.12.1916 — General of Infantry Vladislav Klembovsky
    • 20.12.1916 – 05.04.1917 — General of Infantry Dimitri Bałanin
    • 15.04.1917 – 21.05.1917 — Lieutenant-General Aleksei Gutor
    • 25.05.1917 – 04.06.1917 — General of Infantry Ivan Fiedotov
    • 04.06.1917 – 09.07.1917 — General of Cavalry Ivan Erdélyi
    • 29.04.1917 – 09.09.1917 — General of Infantry Pyotr Baluyev
    • 19.07.1917 – 29.08.1917 — Lieutenant-General Fiodor Rerberg
    • 09.09.1917 – 01.12.1917 — Lieutenant-General Mikhail Promtov
  • Special Army (September 1916 – November 1916 and July 1917 – early 1918)
    • 14.08.1916 – 10.11.1916 - General of Cavalry Vasily Gurko
    • 10.11.1916 – 17.02.1917 - General of Infantry Pyotr Baluyev
    • 17.02.1917 – 31.03.1917 - General of Cavalry Vasily Gurko
    • 02.04.1917 – 09.07.1917 - General of Infantry Pyotr Baluyev
    • 12.07.1917 – 29.08.1917 - General of Cavalry Ivan Erdélyi
    • 29.08.1917 – 14.09.1917 - Acting Major General Vasily Sarychev
    • 14.09.1917 – 20.11.1917 - General of Infantry Stepan Stelnitsky
    • 11.1917 - Acting Colonel Alexander Ilyich Yegorov
    • 20.11.1917 – 13.12.1917 - Lieutenant General Theodore Rerberg
    • 13.12.1917 – 19.12.1917 - Lieutenant General Alex Kushakevich
    • 12.19.1917 – 03.1918 - Colonel Vladimir Yegoryev
  • 1st Army (July 1917 – September 1917)
    • Lieutenant General Gleb Vannovsky
  • Separate Danube Army
  • Separate Czechoslovak Corps

Command

Commander of the armies of the Southwestern Front

The commanders of the Southwestern Front were as follows.

AppointedCommanderDismissed
19.07.1914General of Infantry Nikolai Ivanov17.03.1916
17.03.1916General of Cavalry Aleksei Brusilov21.05.1917
22.05.1917Lieutenant General Aleksei Gutor10.07.1917
10.07.1917General of Infantry Lavr Kornilov18.07.1917
24.07.1917Lieutenant General Peter Baluev31.07.1917
02.08.1917Lieutenant General Anton Ivanovich Denikin29.08.1917
29.08.1917Lieutenant General Fyodor Ogorodnikov09.09.1917
09.09.1917Lieutenant General Nikolai Volodchenko24.11.1917
11.1917Lieutenant General Nikolai Stogov12.1917
01.1918Lieutenant General Vladimir Yegoryev02.1918

Bolshevik leaders

AppointedCommanderDismissed
12.1917Praporshchik Alexander Myasnikov01.1918
01.1918Vasily Kikvidze02.1918

Chiefs of Staff

AppointedCommanderDismissed
19.07.1914Lieutenant General Mikhail Alekseyev17.03.1915
23.03.1915Lieutenant General Vladimir Dragomirov08.05.1915
08.05.1915General of Infantry Sergei Savvich13.12.1915
13.12.1915General of Infantry Vladislav Klembovsky23.10.1916
23.10.1916Lieutenant General Semyon Sukhomlin29.05.1917
29.05.1917Major General Nikolay Dukhonin04.08.1917
04.08.1917Lieutenant General Sergey Markov29.08.1917
10.09.1917Lieutenant General Nikolai Stogov24.11.1917

References

Notes

References

  1. [http://historystudies.org/2012/07/oskin-m-v-problema-rezerva-dlya-generalnogo-nastupleniya-russkoj-armii-v-1917-g/ Оськин М.В. Проблема резерва для генерального наступления русской армии в 1917 г.] {{in lang. ru. History Studies. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  2. ru. Ria1914.info. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
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