Sombor

Name and etymology

In Serbian, the city is known as Sombor (Сомбор), and in Hungarian as Zombor.

The older Hungarian name for the city was Czoborszentmihály. The name originates from the , who were the owners of this area in the 14th century. The family name came from the Slavic name Cibor. The city was mentioned in historical documents under several different names.

An unofficial name for the city is Ravangrad (Раванград), which literally means "flat town" in Serbian.

History

The first historical record relating to the city is from 1340. The city was administered by the Kingdom of Hungary until the 16th century, when it became part of the Ottoman Empire. During the establishment of Ottoman authority, the local Hungarian population left the region. As a result, the city became populated mostly by ethnic Serbs. It was called "Sonbor" during Ottoman administration and was a kaza centre in the Sanjak of Segedin at first in Budin Province until 1596, and then in Eğri Province between 1596 and 1687.

In 1665, a well-known traveller, Evliya Çelebi, visited Sombor and wrote: "All the folk (in the city) are not Hungarian, but Wallachian-Christian (Serb). These places are something special; they do not belong to Hungary, but are a part of Bačka and Wallachia. Most of the inhabitants are traders, and all of them wear frontiersmen clothes; they are very polite and brave people." According to Celebi, the city had 200 shops, 14 mosques and about 2,000 houses.

Since 12 September 1687, the city was under Habsburg administration, and was included into the Habsburg Military Frontier. Ottomans attempted to recapture it during the Battle of Zenta on 11 September 1697. However their attack was repulsed. In 1717, the first Orthodox elementary school was opened. Five years later a Roman Catholic elementary school was opened as well. In 1745, Sombor was excluded from the Military Frontier and was included into Bacsensis County. In 1749, Sombor gained royal free city status. In 1786, the city became the seat of Bacsensis-Bodrogiensis County. According to 1786 data, the population of the city numbered 11,420 people, mostly Serbs.

According to the 1843 data, Sombor had 21,086 inhabitants, of whom 11,897 were Orthodox Christians, 9,082 Roman Catholics, 56 Jewish, and 51 Protestants. The main language spoken in the city at that time was Serbian, and the second-largest language was German. In 1848/1849, Sombor was part of the Serbian Vojvodina, a Serb autonomous region within Austrian Empire, while between 1849 and 1860, it was part of the Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat, a separate Austrian crown land. Sombor was a seat of the district within voivodship. After the abolishment of this crown land, Sombor again became the seat of the Bacsensis-Bodrogiensis (Bács-Bodrog, Bačka-Bodrog) County.

According to the 1910 census, the population of Sombor was 30,593 people, of whom 11,881 spoke Serbian, 10,078 spoke Hungarian, 6,289 spoke Bunjevac, and 2,181 spoke German.

In 1918, Sombor became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). Between 1918 and 1922 it was part of Bačka County, between 1922 and 1929 part of Bačka Oblast, and between 1929 and 1941 part of Danube Banovina.

In 1941, the city was occupied by the Axis powers and annexed by Hungary. Many prominent citizens from the Serb community were interned and later executed. In 1944, the Yugoslav Partisans and Soviet Red Army expelled the Axis forces from the city. Since 1944, Sombor was part of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina of the new Socialist Yugoslavia and (since 1945) socialist Serbia. Today, Sombor is the seat of the West Bačka District in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina in the Republic of Serbia.

In recent times, Sombor has become known all around the world because NBA champion and Finals MVP Nikola Jokić was born here in 1995.

Geography

Climate

Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa" (Warm Temperate Climate/humid subtropical climate).

|Jan record high C = 19.3 |Feb record high C = 21.3 |Mar record high C = 27.6 |Apr record high C = 30.8 |May record high C = 35.1 |Jun record high C = 37.1 |Jul record high C = 40.3 |Aug record high C = 40.6 |Sep record high C = 36.5 |Oct record high C = 30.0 |Nov record high C = 25.7 |Dec record high C = 20.7 |year record high C = 40.6 |Jan record low C = -27.2 |Feb record low C = -26.8 |Mar record low C = -24.5 |Apr record low C = -5.6 |May record low C = -1.0 |Jun record low C = 2.0 |Jul record low C = 7.3 |Aug record low C = 4.6 |Sep record low C = -2.2 |Oct record low C = -6.9 |Nov record low C = -18.4 |Dec record low C = -23.7 |year record low C = -27.2 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220415153355/https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/ciril/meteorologija/stanica_sr_sombor.php | archive-date = 15 April 2022 | access-date = 15 April 2022}}{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220415153254/https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/meteorologija/stanica_sr.php?moss_id=13160 | archive-date = 15 April 2022 | access-date = 25 February 2017}}

Settlements

The city administrative area of Sombor includes following villages:

• Aleksa Šantić
• Bački Breg
• Bački Monoštor
• Bezdan
• Gakovo
• Doroslovo
• Kljajićevo
• Kolut
• Rastina
• Riđica
• Svetozar Miletić
• Stanišić
• Stapar
• Telečka
• Čonoplja

Smaller and suburban settlements, "Salaši" include

• Bukovački Salaši
• Rančevo
• Kruševlje
• Bilić
• Lugomerci
• Žarkovac
• Šaponje
• Obzir
• Milčići
• Gradina
• Lenija
• Nenadić
• Radojevići

Demographics

|1948|90477 |1953|92583 |1961|96191 |1971|98080 |1981|99168 |1991|96105 |2002|97263 |2011|85903 |2022|70818 According to the last official census done in 2011, the city of Sombor has 85,903 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups

Settlements with Serb ethnic majority (as of 2002) are: Sombor, Aleksa Šantić, Gakovo, Kljajićevo, Kolut, Rastina, Riđica, Stanišić, Stapar, and Čonoplja. Settlements with Croat/Šokac ethnic majority (as of 2002) are: Bački Breg and Bački Monoštor. Settlements with Hungarian ethnic majority (in 2002) are: Bezdan, Doroslovo, and Telečka. Ethnically mixed settlement with relative Hungarian majority is Svetozar Miletić.

The ethnic composition of the city:

Culture

Sombor is famous for its greenery, cultural life and beautiful 18th and 19th century center. The most important cultural institutions are the National Theater, the Sombor City Museum, the Modern Art Gallery, the Milan Konjović Art Gallery, the Teacher's College (Preparandija), the Serbian Reading House, and the Sombor Gymnasium. Teacher's College (Preparandija) founded in 1778, is the oldest college in Serbia and the region.

There are two monasteries in this city:

• Sombor Orthodox Monastery, founded in 1928–1933
• Discalced Carmelite Catholic monastery, founded in 1904

Buildings and architecture

File:Sombor-Zupanija-20160404.jpg|Županija building housing city and city administration File:Sombor-Stara-Gradska-Kuca-20160404.jpg|The old town hall of Sombor and the Holy Trinity Square File:Sombor-Theater-20160404.jpg|Sombor theater building File:Sombor-Main-Street-20160404.jpg|Sombor main street with the water fountain File:Sombor-Catholic-Church.jpg|Catholic church in Sombor

Economy

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):

Sports

Radnički Sombor is the main football club from the city competing in the 5th-tier PFL Sombor. They once played at the country's second level.

Sombor is the hometown of Radivoj Korać, the FIBA Hall of Fame basketball player. Korać holds the EuroLeague record for points in a game at 99.

Sombor is the hometown of 3x NBA MVP, NBA Champion and Finals MVP Nikola Jokić. The local basketball club where he began his playing career renamed itself KK Joker in 2017 after his English-language nickname, and was promoted to the top-level Basketball League of Serbia at the end of the 2022–23 season.

Local media

Newspapers

• Somborske novine

TV stations

• K-54
• Spektar
• RTV Sreće

Radio stations

• Radio Marija (95.7)
• Radio Sombor (97.5)
• Radio Fortuna (106.6)

Internet media

• Novi Radio Sombor
• SOinfo.org

Twin cities

Twin cities:

• HUN Baja, Hungary
• HUN Kispest, Hungary
• NMK Veles, North Macedonia
• BIH Istočno Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Regional cooperation:

• CRO Osijek, Croatia
• BIH Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
• CRO Vukovar, Croatia

Transportation

Buses

Buses offer direct connections to major Serbian cities including Belgrade, Novi Sad and Subotica, as well as many regional towns. Among the companies operating in the area is Severtrans.

Rail

Sombor is linked by direct rail links to Novi Sad and Subotica, among others.

Air

The city houses Sombor Airport.

Notable residents

• József Schweidel (b. 1796), Home Guard General, Martyr of Arad, his statue stood in the square in front of the County Hall until 1918.
• Samuilo Maširević (1804–1870), Orthodox Patriarch of Karlovci
• Laza Kostić (1841–1910), poet, prose writer, lawyer, philosopher, polyglot, publicist, and politician
• Joseph Kish (1899 – 1969), Academy Award winning Art Director
• Ernest Bošnjak (1876–1963), cameraman, film director and printer. One of the founders of the filmography in the area
• Sándor Gombos (1895–1968), Olympic champion fencer
• Milan Konjović (1898–1993), prominent painter
• Gustav Mezey (1899–1981), artist
• Sava Stojkov (1925–2014), naive art painter
• Bogdan Maglić (1928–2017), nuclear physicist
• Zvonko Bogdan (b. 1942), performer of traditional folk songs
• Radivoj Korać (1938–1969), basketball player in the FIBA Hall of Fame
• Andrija Konc (1919–1945), singer, born in Sombor.
• Nemanja Milić (b. 1990), professional football player
• Filip Krajinović (b. 1992), professional tennis player
• Nikola Jokić (b. 1995), professional basketball player, NBA Champion and Olympic silver medalist
• Filip Rebrača (b. 1997), professional basketball player

References

References

1. "Статут Града Сомбора". City of Sombor.
2. {{Serbian municipalities 2006
3. {{Serbian census 2011
4. (2020). "The Exorcist of Sombor: The Mentality of an Eighteenth-Century Franciscan Friar". Routledge.
5. (23 January 2017). "Историја".
6. "Obziri, Serbia Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)".
7. "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia". Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.
8. "Попис становништва, домаћинстава и станова 2011. у Републици Србији". Republički zavod za statistiku.
9. (11 December 2017). "Ovo su NAJLEPŠI MUZEJI van Beograda i evo zašto NE SMETE da ih zaobiđete". blic.rs.
10. "Споменици културе у Србији, Градска кућа".
11. "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2023.". [[Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia]].
12. (2024-05-08). "Nikola Jokic and a forgotten basketball legend: Inside an MVP connection nearly 60 years in the making".
13. "Somborske novine - Početna".
14. "RTV Spektar".
15. "РТВ СРЕЋЕ СОМБОР & TV SREĆE SOMBOR & Radio Televizija Srece Sombor "TV SOMBOR" UŽIVO".
16. "Radio Sombor- Somborske vesti".
17. "Novi Radio Sombor".
18. "SOinfo.org – Sombor 24/7".
19. (2017-06-18). "Bratimljenje Sombora i Istočnog Sarajeva: Širi se porodica bratskih gradova". novosti.rs.