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Solubility chart

Chart describing whether ionic compounds dissolve or precipitate

Summary

Chart describing whether ionic compounds dissolve or precipitate

A solubility chart is a chart describing whether the ionic compounds formed from different combinations of cations and anions dissolve in or precipitate from solution.

Chart

The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 C). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate. For compounds with multiple hydrates, the solubility of the most soluble hydrate is shown.

Some compounds, such as nickel oxalate, will not precipitate immediately even though they are insoluble, requiring a few minutes to precipitate out.

?unavailable
Ions names and symbolsHalogensChalcogensPnictogensCrystallogensFluoride
F−Chloride
Cl−Bromide
Br−Iodide
I−Perchlorate
Oxide
O2−Hydroxide
OH−Sulfide
S2−Sulfate
Nitrate
Phosphate
Carbonate
Cyanide
CN−Thiocyanate
SCN−Acetate
Oxalate
Hydrogen H+AmmoniumLithium Li+Sodium Na+Potassium K+Rubidium Rb+Caesium Cs+Beryllium Be2+Magnesium Mg2+Calcium Ca2+Strontium Sr2+Barium Ba2+Aluminium Al3+Gallium Ga3+Manganese(II) Mn2+Iron(II) Fe2+Cobalt(II) Co2+Nickel(II) Ni2+Copper(II) Cu2+Zinc Zn2+Cadmium Cd2+Mercury(II) Hg2+Vanadium(III) V3+Chromium(III) Cr3+Iron(III) Fe3+Gold(III) Au3+Tin(II) Sn2+Lead(II) Pb2+Silver Ag+Mercury(I)Fluoride
F−Chloride
Cl−Bromide
Br−Iodide
I−Perchlorate
Oxide
O2−Hydroxide
OH−Sulfide
S2−Sulfate
Nitrate
Phosphate
Carbonate
Cyanide
CN−Thiocyanate
SCN−Acetate
Oxalate
SSSSSN/AN/AsSSSSSSSSS
SSSSSSSRSSSSSSSS
sSSSSSRSRSSsSsSSSSS
SSSSSRSRSSSSSSSS
SSSSsSRSRSSSSSSSS
SSSSsSRSRSSSSSSSS
SSSSsSRSRSSSSSSSS
SSSRSIIRSSIsSRSSS
sSSSSSRIRSSIsSRSSsS
ISSSSRsSRsSSIIRSSsS
sSSSSSRsSRsSSIISSSI
sSSSSSRSRISIISSSI
sSSSSSIIRSSIRRSSI
ISSRSIIRsSSIRRSS?
sSSSSSIIISSIISSSI
sSSSSSIIISSII?SSsS
sSSSSSIIISSIIISSI
SSSSSIIISSIIISSI
sSSS?SIIISSIIIISI
sSSSSSIIISSIIISSI
SSSSSIIISSIIsSsSSI
RSsSISIIIRSIISsSSsS
ISSSSIIIsSSI??S??
sSSSSSIIISSIISSS?
SSSRSIIISSsSRSSSsS
RSsS??III??IIS?sS?
SSSSSIIIS?II?IRsS
sSsSsSsSSIsSIISII?sSSI
SIIISIIIsSSIIIIsSI
RIIISI??sSS?II?S?

Notes

References

References

  1. (1953). "The Precipitation of Nickel Oxalate". J. Phys. Chem..
  2. "Solubility Table".
  3. (1989). "Raman Spectrum of Rubidium Thiocyanate at 37 K and Room Temperature". Australian Journal of Physics.
  4. (1961). "Studies on the Hydrolysis of Metal Ions. 37. Application of the Self-Medium Method to the Hydrolysis of Beryllium Perchlorate.". Acta Chemica Scandinavica.
  5. (1967). "Liquid–liquid extraction of beryllium thiocyanate". Canadian Journal of Chemistry.
  6. (1982). "Structure of magnesium isothiocyanate tetrahydrate". Acta Crystallographica B.
  7. (2002). "Ca(SCN)2 and Ca(SCN)2 · 2 H2O: Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior and Vibrational Spectroscopy". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B.
  8. (2001). "M(SCN)2 (M = Eu, Sr, Ba): Kristallstruktur, thermisches Verhalten, Schwingungsspektroskopie". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie.
  9. (July 2, 2014). "Yielding Unexpected Results: Precipitation of Ba3(PO4)2 and Implications for Teaching Solubility Principles in the General Chemistry Curriculum". Journal of Chemical Education.
  10. (1971). "Aluminium(III) isothiocyanate and its addition compounds". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry.
  11. (1939). "(I) The Reaction of Gallium with Perchloric Acid and (II) the Preparation and Properties of Gallium Perchlorate Hydrates". Journal of the American Chemical Society.
  12. (1969). "Gallium(III) isothiocyanate and its addition compounds". Canadian Journal of Chemistry.
  13. "44318 Manganese(II) perchlorate hexahydrate, 99.995% (metals basis)".
  14. (1984). "Preparation and crystal structure of manganese(II) isothiocyanate tetrahydrate". Inorganica Chimica Acta.
  15. (1999). "Conductometric Studies of Cobalt(II) Perchlorate in Acetonitrile-Water Solutions". Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie.
  16. (2014). "Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis". John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  17. (1931). "The Solubilities of Thiocyanate of Metals". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan.
  18. (1971). "The diffusion coefficients of cadmium chloride and cadmium perchlorate in water at 25°". Australian Journal of Chemistry.
  19. (1990). "Reactivity of Mercury(II) Perchlorate Towards 5,5 -Dimethylimidazolidine-2- Thione-4-One. Structure of Bis(5,5-Dimethylimidazolidine-2-Thione-4-One)Mercury(II) Perchlorate Triaquo". Journal of Coordination Chemistry.
  20. "Properties of substance: mercury(II) oxalate Group of substances".
  21. (1969). "Kinetics of the reaction between vanadium(II) and neptunium(IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions". J. Phys. Chem..
  22. (1978). "An X-ray investigation on the structure of iron(III) perchlorate solutions". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry.
  23. "Iron (III) Carbonate Formula".
  24. (1973). "MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES ON IRON THIOCYANATE". Chemistry Letters.
  25. (1978). "Iron(III) acetates". Transition Metal Chemistry.
  26. (1968). "Tin(II) perchlorate trihydrate". Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry.
  27. (1978). "Synthesis and vibrational spectra of tin(II) isothiocyanate adducts with some O- and N-donor ligands". Canadian Journal of Chemistry.
  28. (2023). "Main group cyanides: from hydrogen cyanide to cyanido-complexes". Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry.
  29. (1963). "The reaction between mercury(I) and manganese(III) in aqueous perchlorate solution". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed).
  30. "PubChem Compound Summary for CID 61181, Mercurous acetate".
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