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Solar eclipse of December 22, 1870
Total eclipse
Total eclipse
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| previous | Solar eclipse of July 28, 1870 |
| next | Solar eclipse of June 18, 1871 |
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Thursday, December 22, 1870, with a magnitude of 1.0248. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 1.4 days before perigee (on December 21, 1870, at 3:50 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
The path of totality was visible from parts of modern-day southern Portugal, southern Spain, northern Morocco, northern Algeria, Tunisia, Italy, Greece, northwestern Turkey, southeastern Bulgaria, southeastern Ukraine, and western Russia. A partial solar eclipse was also visible for parts of eastern Canada, Europe, North Africa, West Africa, and the Middle East.
Observations
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
| Event | Time (UTC) |
|---|---|
| First Penumbral External Contact | 1870 December 22 at 10:13:56.6 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact | 1870 December 22 at 11:33:35.2 UTC |
| First Central Line | 1870 December 22 at 11:34:27.4 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact | 1870 December 22 at 11:35:20.3 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction | 1870 December 22 at 12:18:47.9 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction | 1870 December 22 at 12:19:09.0 UTC |
| Greatest Duration | 1870 December 22 at 12:27:10.9 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse | 1870 December 22 at 12:27:32.6 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact | 1870 December 22 at 13:19:52.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line | 1870 December 22 at 13:20:43.5 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact | 1870 December 22 at 13:21:34.1 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact | 1870 December 22 at 14:41:15.4 UTC |
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Eclipse Magnitude | 1.02476 |
| Eclipse Obscuration | 1.05013 |
| Gamma | 0.85849 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 18h02m16.0s |
| Sun Declination | -23°27'15.7" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'15.7" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 18h02m37.0s |
| Moon Declination | -22°35'32.9" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 16'31.5" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 1°00'38.9" |
| ΔT | -0.1 s |
Eclipse season
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| December 22 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Descending node (new moon) | ||
| January 6 | ||
| Ascending node (full moon) | ||
| [[File:SE1870Dec22T.png | 200px]] | |
| Total solar eclipse | ||
| Solar Saros 120 | Partial lunar eclipse | |
| Lunar Saros 132 |
References
- NASA chart graphics
- Googlemap
- NASA Besselian elements
- Reports on observations of the total solar eclipse of December 22, 1870 By United States Naval Observatory, Simon Newcomb, Asaph Hall, William Harkness, John Robie Eastman
- Solar Eclipse seen from Jerez in 1870
- The sun was crowned in Jerez
References
- "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate.
- "Total Solar Eclipse of 1870 Dec 22". EclipseWise.com.
This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.
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