Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2

Function

SGLT2 is a member of the sodium glucose cotransporter family, which are sodium-dependent glucose transport proteins. SGLT2 is the major cotransporter involved in glucose reabsorption in the kidney. SGLT2 is located in the early proximal tubule, and is responsible for reabsorption of 80-90% of the glucose filtered by the kidney glomerulus. Most of the remaining glucose absorption is by sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) in more distal sections of the proximal tubule.

SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes

Main article: SGLT2 inhibitor

SGLT2 inhibitors are also called gliflozins or flozins. They lead to a reduction in blood glucose levels, and therefore have potential use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Gliflozins enhance glycemic control as well as reduce body weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The gliflozins canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin may lead to euglycemic ketoacidosis. Other side effects of gliflozins include increased risk of Fournier gangrene and of (generally mild) genital infections such as candidal vulvovaginitis.

Clinical significance

Mutations in this gene are also associated with renal glycosuria.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were associated with significant long-term reductions in mortality risk for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), according to an observational cohort study. The study revealed that after one year, 8.1% of PAH patients prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors had died, compared to 15.5% of those who did not take the medication.

References

References

1. (September 1993). "Localization of the Na+/glucose cotransporter gene SGLT2 to human chromosome 16 close to the centromere". Genomics.
2. "Entrez Gene: solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter)".
3. (2020). "Extraglycemic Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Review of the Evidence". Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.
4. (2012). "Renal function in diabetic disease models: the tubular system in the pathophysiology of the diabetic kidney". Annual Review of Physiology.
5. (November 2014). "Efficacy, safety and regulatory status of SGLT2 inhibitors: focus on canagliflozin". Nutrition & Diabetes.
6. (2017). "Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma". Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports.
7. (2015-05-15). "FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns that SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes may result in a serious condition of too much acid in the blood". [[Food and Drug Administration]], USA.
8. "SGLT2 Inhibitors Associated with Fournier Gangrene". [[Jwatch.org]].
9. "SGLT2 Inhibitors (Gliflozins)". [[Diabetes.co.uk]].
10. (March 2006). "Familial renal glucosuria: SLC5A2 mutation analysis and evidence of salt-wasting". Kidney International.
11. (2024). "Impact of Sglt2 Inhibitors on Mortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Exploring the Association". Chest.