Sivaji Ganesan

Early life

Ganesan was born on 1 October 1928, as the fourth son of Chinnaiya Manrayar and Rajamani Ammal in Villupuram, India in a Kallar (Thevar) family. Early in his career, Ganesan acted under the name V. C. Ganesan. Media outlets said that the initial 'V' stood for Villupuram, though one of Ganesan's sons stated that it stands for Vettaithidal, a village from which their family originates. Without his father's consent, Ganesan decided to join a touring stage drama company at the age of seven. At the age of 10, he moved to Tiruchirappalli and joined a drama troupe in Sangiliyandapuram and began to perform in stage plays. From the drama troupe trainers, he was fortunate enough to learn acting and dancing. He was trained in Bharatanatyam, Kathak and Manipuri dance forms.

Ganesan exhibited the ability to remember lengthy lines easily. The group favoured Ganesan to play the lead and he would continue to do so. His portrayal of Shivaji I in the stage play Shivaji Kanda Hindu Rajyam written by C. N. Annadurai earned him the monicker "Sivaji", which was conferred on him at a public function presided over by social reformer Periyar. Since then, he has been referred to by the name of "Sivaji".

Film career

Early career: 1951–1953

Ganesan lent his voice to Mukkamala Krishna Murthy, a Telugu actor, for the Tamil film Niraparadhi (1951). He made his acting debut in the 1952 Tamil film Parasakthi, which was directed by the Krishnan–Panju duo and co-starred actress Pandari Bai. The film became an instant commercial success, running for over 175 days in several theatres, and ran for over 50 days in all the 62 centres it was released, and at the Sri Lanka–based Mailan Theatre, it ran for nearly 40 weeks. Film distributor P. A. Perumal Mudaliar of National Pictures, with the patronage of A. V. Meiyappan of AVM Productions, bought the film rights of Parasakthi. P.A. Perumal cast Ganesan after being impressed with his performance as Nur Jahan in the Sakthi Nadaga Sabha play of the same name. It was he who, in 1950, gave Ganesan a flight ticket to Madras for the screen test for Parasakthi. Ganesan had simultaneously shot for the Telugu-Tamil bilingual film Paradesi (titled Poongothai in Tamil), which was supposed to be his actual film to release first, but released much later after Perumal requested its co-producer Anjali Devi to let Parasakthi release first, and she agreed.

Parasakthi did not begin well for Ganesan. When shooting began and 2000 feet of the film was shot, Meiyappan was dissatisfied with Ganesan's "thin" physique, and wanted him replaced with K. R. Ramasamy. Perumal refused, and Ganesan was retained. Meiyappan was also satisfied with the final results of the film. The initial scenes of Ganesan which he earlier disliked were reshot. Ganesan was paid a monthly salary of 250 (valued at about US$52.5 in 1952) for acting in the film.The script was written by later Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. Karunanidhi. Since actors who are well-trained in classical dance can effectively showcase expressions called Nava Rasa on their faces, Ganesan went on to become one of the popular actors in Tamil cinema in the 1950s. His unique voice had a greater appeal. His style of dialogue delivery with a long spell of dialogues—like a poetry recitation with much clarity—earned him critical recognition.

Two factors can be attributed the entry of Ganesan into films: the principal artists in Tamil films during the 1940s and 1950s were Telugus, whose acting was not matched by their dialogue delivery in Tamil. Secondly, the 1950s saw the growth of the Dravidian movement in Tamil Nadu, under the leadership of C. N. Annadurai, and M. Karunanidhi. Their transformation of language skills to films through script writing ensured their instant acceptance.

Donning versatile roles: 1954–1969

Andha Naal (1954) was a trendsetter in Tamil cinema because it had no songs and Ganesan played an anti-hero. The film won the president's silver medal the following year. The same year, he co-starred with his competitor M. G. Ramachandran in Koondukkili, where he played the antagonist.

His role in the film Veerapandiya Kattabomman won him the Best Actor Award at the Afro-Asian Film Festival held in March 1960 at Cairo. Incidentally, Ganesan was also the first Indian actor to get an award for Best Actor abroad. Often considered to be a landmark film in Tamil cinema, Pasamalar is arguably one of the best films of Sivaji Ganesan and Savitri together. Once again directed by A Bhimsingh, the film has a cult following and rightly so. When it released in 1961, it became a trendsetter of sorts and was a money spinner at the box-office. Post its release, several films based on a similar theme were made, for example, Mullum Malarum. It also won the National Award that year and was remade in several languages.

Uthama Puthiran is the first film to feature Ganesan in dual roles and the first Indian film to have the shots with zoom technique. Sivaji Ganesan has acted in many Tamil movies co-starring with many popular and talented Tamil actresses of his time. He gave many commercial success films such as Palum Pazhamum, Irumbu Thirai, Padikkadha Medhai, Paava Mannippu, Padithal Mattum Podhuma, Aalayamani, Iruvar Ullam, Annai Illam, Aandavan Kattalai, Kappalottiya Thamizhan, Kai Koduttha Dheivam, Puthiya Paravai and his 100th film, Navarathri whereby ganesan acted nine distinct roles in the film. It is arguably one of Sivaji Ganesan's best films in its tribute to the actor.

He had comedic roles in several movies, such as Kalyanam Panniyum Brahmachari (1954), Sabaash Meena (1958), Ooty Varai Uravu (1967), and Galatta Kalyanam (1968).

His portrayal of Lord Shiva in the movie Thiruvilayadal (1965) won him many accolades. Ganesan could strike a balance between commercial cinema, Mythological cinema and experimental cinema. His epical portrayals in films such as Thiruvilayaadal, Thiruvarutselvar, Saraswati Sabatham, Thirumal Perumai and Thillana Mohanambal won him critical acclaim. He played a variety of roles such as freedom fighters, like V.O. Chidambaram Pillai,Tiruppur Kumaran, Bhagat Singh and epic characters like Karna, Bharatha, Narada, Appar, Nayanmars and Alwars. Spanning genres like epics to Crime thrillers; from romantic escapades to comic flicks and action flicks, Ganesan has covered it all.

Superstardom – varied roles: 1970–1979

Ganesan played supporting role to Rajendra Kumar in the Hindi film Dharti in 1970, which was a remake of his 1969 Tamil film Sivandha Mann, in which he played the lead role. In the Hindi version, Ganesan played the role which Muthuraman had played in the original. Several directors such as Krishnan–Panju, T. R. Sundaram, T. R. Ramanna, A. P. Nagarajan, L. V. Prasad, B. R. Panthulu, T. Prakash Rao, D. Yoganand, A. Bhim Singh, K. Shankar, C. V. Sridhar, A. C. Tirulokchandar, P. Madhavan, K. S. Gopalakrishnan, Muktha V.Srinivasan, C. V. Rajendran, and K. Vijayan directed Ganesan in different roles. Jaggayya offered his voice to Sivaji when his movies were dubbed into Telugu.

In the 1960s and 1970s his films have been well received and he was able to deliver constant hits. Some of his famous hits during this period are Vasantha Maligai, Gauravam, Thanga Pathakkam and Sathyam. Many of his films inspired remakes in Sinhalese. Films such as Pilot Premnath and Mohana Punnagai were shot in Sri Lanka, with Sri Lankan actors such as Malini Fonseka and Geetha Kumarasinghe playing the female lead. In 1979, he appeared in the biggest blockbuster of his career, Thirisoolam his 200th film, an adaptation of the Kannada film Shankar Guru in which Rajkumar had played the lead role.

Later and final career: 1980–1999

Muthal Mariyathai (1985) won him a Filmfare Award under Best Actor – Tamil category. The 1990s was a period in which Ganesan started enacting matured roles. In 1992, he acted with Kamal Haasan in the critically acclaimed Thevar Magan, which won him a Special Mention Award at the 40th National Film Awards. His other films released during this period are Pasumpon, Once More, En Aasai Rasave and Mannavaru Chinnavaru, where he was cast in prominent roles. He acted with Mohanlal in the movie Oru Yathramozhi (1997). He worked in Pooparika Varugirom, which released as his last film before his death, however the penultimate film he worked in before his death was Padayappa (1999), starring Rajinikanth.

Mentor

Chinna Ponnusamy Padayatchi is the teacher of theatrical arts who trained Ganesan in his troupe. During an interview with V.S. Srinivasan, Ganesan said: "Theatre has taught me everything. My teacher (Chinna Ponnuswamy Padayachi of Chidambaram) taught me Bharatnatyam, acting, body movements & practically everything. Padayachi, was himself an outstanding stage actor and I learnt in an atmosphere that was reminiscent of an ashram school."

Philanthropic work

Sivaji Ganesan has made many financial contributions during natural disasters and for the educational development. In 1960, K. Kamaraj introduced the Midday Meal Scheme for which Sivaji Ganesan donated one lakh rupees. Sivaji Ganesan presented an 80 gram gold chain to P. Kakkan, who was living in poverty, and also he donated the entire proceeds from the play 'Thanga Pathakkam' which is held at the Salem Nehru Auditorium. He also donated a large amount of money during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. Sivaji Ganesan bought the place where the freedom fighter Veerapandiya Kattabomman was executed in Kayatharu and placed a statue of Veerapandiya Kattabomman at his expense which is still a monument even today. He has donated Elephants to many temples like the Trichy in Thiruvanaikaval Jambukeswarar Temple and the Thanjavur Pragatheswarar Temple, Punnainallur Mariyamman Temple.

In the Pancha Bhoota Sthalam temple of Thiruvanaikaval in Trichy, where Lord Shiva manifests as water in the form of Jambukeswarar and the Goddess as Akilandeswari, Sivaji Ganesan, having become a devout worshipper with immense devotion to Goddess Akilandeswari, gifted a female elephant named Akila to the temple and also bequeathed land and properties for its upkeep.

Political career

Ganesan started his political career as an activist of the Dravidar Kazhagam. Ganesan joined the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after it was founded by C. N. Annadurai in 1949. Until 1956, Ganesan was a staunch supporter of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). In the 1950s, however, Sivaji Ganesan was criticized for going "against the stated values of rationalism" during a visit to Tirupathi. In 1956 he left the DMK.

From 1964, Ganesan became a strong supporter of the Indian National Congress. He embraced Congress leader Kamarajar's leadership. He was made the Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Indira Gandhi's death in 1984 also brought Ganesan's political career to an end.

|access-date = 2009-01-21 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090211021917/http://www.cscsarchive.org/dataarchive/textfiles/textfile.2007-09-19.6796899113/file |archive-date = 2009-02-11 | url-access = registration Election Commission of India refused to accept either of them as the original AIADMK. Tamil Nadu Congress decided to ally with only United AIADMK.{{cite news |access-date = 2009-01-21 |url-status = usurped |archive-url = https://archive.today/20071114203713/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2115/stories/20040730003803600.htm |archive-date = 2007-11-14 This move was opposed by Sivaji Ganesan and hence he left the party along with his supporters to form the new party Thamizhaga Munnetra Munnani on 10 February 1988.{{cite news | access-date = 2009-01-21}} To popularise the party Ganesan produce a movie titled En Thamizh En Makkal (My Tamil language and my people).{{cite news | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060409053933/http://www.hindu.com/2006/04/05/stories/2006040518720200.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2006-04-09 | access-date = 2009-01-21}} At the time the party was created it was considered to be pro-Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.{{cite news | access-date = 2009-02-21}} The party opposed the presence of Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka stating that the force was trying to wipe out the LTTE and its leader V. Prabhakaran.{{cite web | access-date = 2009-01-21}} The party also urged the Government of India to hold talks with the LTTE without any pre- condition.

He later joined the Janata Dal under VP Singh and rose through the ranks to become the party's state president, but his political career came to an end in 1993.

Political parties

Family

Ganesan was the fourth son of his family. He had three brothers and one sister. Ganesan married Kamala on 1 May 1952 and had four children. His younger son Prabhu is a notable Tamil actor. Ganesan established a film production company in the late 1950s, now called Sivaji Productions, which is now being looked after by his elder son Ramkumar. He has two daughters Shanthi and Thenmozhi. Two of his grandsons namely Vikram Prabhu and Dushyant Ramkumar have also appeared in films, with Ramkumar's son Dushyanth Ramkumar having the stage name of Junior Sivaji. Moreover, Prabhu's son Vikram Prabhu debuted in the critically acclaimed film Kumki in 2012.

Death

Suffering from respiratory problems, Ganesan was admitted to the Apollo Hospital in Chennai on 1 July 2001. He also had been suffering from a prolonged heart ailment for about 10 years. He died at 7:45 pm (IST) on 21 July 2001 at the age of 72 just three months prior to his 73rd birthday for which he had special plans. A documentary Parasakthi Muthal Padayappa Varai was made to commemorate Sivaji Ganesan's legacy. He was given a State funeral. His funeral the next day was telecast live on Sun TV and was attended by thousands of viewers, politicians and personalities from the South Indian film fraternity. His eldest son Ramkumar Ganesan, performed his last rites at the Besant Nagar Crematorium, Chennai.

International recognition

When President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt visited India, Sivaji Ganesan was the only individual granted permission by the then-Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, to host a party for Nasser. Nasser was given a number of valuable mementos depicting the civilisation and culture of South India. Sivaji Ganesan was the first artist from India to visit the United States in a cultural exchange programme by the US government. In 1962, Ganesan was invited by the then-US President John F. Kennedy, where he took the role of India's cultural ambassador. During his visit there, he was honoured by being made the honorary mayor of Niagara Falls, New York, for one day and was presented the golden key to the city. The only other Indian who has had this honour before Ganesan was Jawaharlal Nehru. Upon returning to India from both Egypt and the US, massive crowds of fans were present at Madras Airport to celebrate his arrival. On 22 March 1976, he travelled to Mauritius on an invitation from Prime Minister Ramagoolam and took part in their independence day celebrations and stayed as their government guest for four days.

During his visit to the United States in June 1995, he visited Columbus, Ohio. Participating in the dinner hosted to honour Ganesan, the mayor of the city, Greg Lashutka honoured him by announcing him as an honorary citizen of Columbus. On the same occasion, the mayor of Mount Vernon read out and gave him a special welcome citation. The Columbus Tamil Sangam was formulated on that day and Ganesan was made the honorary president of that association.

Although Sivaji appeared less in leading roles after the 1980s, his supporting roles were received positively, as in Thevar Magan, which won him the National Awards Jury's Special Jury award in 1993. Sivaji, incidentally, declined the award.

Legacy

Sivaji Ganesan is considered one of the best Indian actors of all time. He was also acknowledged as a consummate actor and one of the most imitated ones. He was praised for his body language and his resounding voice and dialogue delivery. Ganesan is known for his versatility and has acted as a blind man in Palum Pazhamum, a physically handicapped person in Bhaaga Pirivinai, enacting Nine numbers of totally different personas from various social strata and the corresponding body language (gait, voice, facial expression, etc.) in " Navarathiri", thereby becoming probably the first-time in Indian cinema history as an actor reprising Nine roles in a single film and in extension, inspiring subsequent films (at least) in Tamil like "Navarathinam" (the great MGR – starred), "Dasavatharam" (featuring Kamal Haasan), a man with a scared face as in Deiva Magan, a murderer in Pudhiya Paravai, or a traitor as in Andha Naal, the first movie that had no songs at all.

On 1 October 2021, Google commemorated Ganesan's 93rd birth anniversary with a Google Doodle on their Indian homepage.

Filmography

Main article: Sivaji Ganesan filmography

Awards and honours

Civilian honours: national and international

International awards

National Film Awards

Filmfare Awards South

Tamil Nadu State Film Awards

Other honours

Posthumous honours

Pondicherry (Puducherry) was the first union territory to erect a statue of Sivaji Ganesan in honor of his acting skills and his huge fan base in the state and it was unveiled by the then Puducherry Chief Minister N. Rangasamy. A statue of Ganesan was erected on Kamarajar Road in Chennai, Tamil Nadu to honour the actor and was unveiled by the then Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi in 2006.

Memorial

Main article: Sivaji Ganesan Memorial

In 2017, a memorial built by the Public Works Department at a cost of 28 million was opened in Chennai.{{cite news | access-date = 2 July 2017}} Located in Adyar, a southern neighbourhood of the city, it is built in the Tamil style of architecture, adorned with domes, and houses a statue of the actor, which was previously erected on the Marina Beach in 2006.{{cite news | access-date = 6 August 2017 | archive-date = 11 October 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201011210654/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/sivaji-statue-removed-from-kamarajar-salai/article19422152.ece | url-status = live

Bibliography

Notes

References

References

1. (4 November 2002). "He played 300 different roles". The Hindu.
2. Raman, Mohan V.. (25 November 2013). "All's in a letter". The Hindu.
3. (2007). "Autobiography of an actor : Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2002". Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust, 2007.
4. (24 July 2001). "Sivaji: The legend lives on". The Hindu Business Line.
5. NK, Jarshad. (6 February 2013). "The Economic Times".
6. (11 July 2004). "An actor and a gentleman". [[The Hindu]].
7. "1-288".
8. "Padmabushan Chevalier Sivaji V.C.Ganesan". Sivajiprabhu.com.
9. (19 July 1997). "Nadigar Thilagam Sivaji Ganesan, South Indian Cinema Photo, Nadigar Thilagam Sivaji Ganesa". Timescontent.com.
10. (21 July 2001). "Tamil film actor Sivaji Ganesan dead".
11. "Shivaji Ganesan Biography – Sivaji Ganesan Childhood, Profile & Filmography".
12. "Forever Sivaji".
13. (20 July 2010). "Tamil Nadu News : "Stage artistes don't get due regard"". [[The Hindu]].
14. (23 July 2001). "India's first and finest music e-zine". The Music Magazine.
15. "Sivaji Ganesan – Nadigar Thilakam". Sivaji.org.
16. (23 July 2001). "Marlon Brando Sivaji Ganesan | Sivaji Ganesan; the Brando of South India – Los Angeles Times". Articles.latimes.com.
17. "Did Sivaji Ganesan overact? – Behindwoods.com – Andha Naal negative role".
18. (15 January 2017). "Sivaji Ganesan's birth anniversary". [[The Times of India]].
19. (2001). "A doyen among actors". [[Frontline (magazine).
20. (2001). "The stamp is been[sic] issued, honouring Sivaji Ganesan.". Maharashtrapost.
21. (1 October 2017). "Deputy CM Panneerselvam inaugurates Sivaji Ganesan's memorial". thehindu.com.
22. (October 2016). "'Sivaji' Ganesan remembered on 88th birth anniversary".
23. (31 Jul 2021). "Sivaji Ganesan was a World class Actor". [[dailymirror]].
24. (8 November 2014). "unique naming convention in Tamil cinema{{!}} Thehindu". The Hindu.
25. (19 January 2007). "Friday Review Chennai / Interview: Into realms of the past". [[The Hindu]].
26. Rangarajan, Malathi. (2012-04-12). "Over to the 'voice'". [[The Hindu]].
27. (3 August 2008). "Literary Review / Book Review: The making of an actor". [[The Hindu]].
28. (5 April 2015). "Lights, camera, politics".
29. Raman, Mohan V.. (8 April 2013). "The power of the pen". [[The Hindu]].
30. Menon, Nitya. (23 July 2014). "Bearing a legend's name". [[The Hindu]].
31. Gopalakrishnan, Anu. (24 August 2012). "Glamour or Grammar, he has it right!".
32. Rangarajan, Malathi. (17 February 2011). "Saga of success". [[The Hindu]].
33. Narasimhan, M. L.. (16 November 2013). "Paradesi (1953)". [[The Hindu]].
34. (24 August 2013). "Rupee's journey since Independence: Down by 65 times against dollar". [[The Economic Times]].
35. Rangarajan, Malathi. (2012-04-12). "Over to the 'voice'". [[The Hindu]].
36. "Tamil cinema's lodestar". Hinduonnet.com.
37. (27 July 2001). "Talent, charisma and much more". [[The Hindu]].
38. (18 September 2009). "Friday Review Thiruvananthapuram / Cinema : Dancing attendance on cinema". [[The Hindu]].
39. [http://www.hindu.com/lr/2008/08/03/stories/2008080350050200.htm The making of an actor] {{webarchive. link. (24 February 2012 , THE HINDU Sunday, 4 August 2008)
40. "Afro-Asian film festival". Nadigarthilagam.com.
41. "'Pasamalar' – Savitri: Five films of the late actress that are a must watch".
42. சங்கர். (27 February 2015). "அஞ்சலி: ஏ.வின்சென்ட் {{!}} ஒளியில் கலந்த கலைஞன்!". [[Hindu Tamil Thisai]].
43. (1 October 2013). "Biography of Sivaji Ganesan- Tamil Cinema Actor-Part 1".
44. (7 September 2007). "Navaratri 1964". The Hindu.
45. (18 January 2011). "Metro Plus Chennai / Columns : Movie hall crosses a milestone". [[The Hindu]].
46. (24 July 2001). "Sivaji: The curtain drops". [[The Times of India]].
47. (23 July 2001). "The Hindu : When a man is God, savant, king and mortal". Thehindujobs.com.
48. (1 October 1928). "A doyen among actors". Hindu.com.
49. (1990). "India who's who". INFA Publications.
50. "Shivaji Ganesan Biography – Sivaji Ganesan Childhood, Profile & Filmography". lifestyle.iloveindia.com.
51. "Rediff On The Net, Movies: A chat with Tamil thespian Chevalier Sivaji Ganesan".
52. (4 Oct 2017). "சிவாஜி கணேசன் கொடை வள்ளல் தனம்".
53. (17 Sep 2013). "Elephant of Tanjavur temple". [[Times of India]].
54. Service, Tribune News. "Google Doodle honours Sivaji Ganesan, the tallest actor in Tamil cinema".
55. Hardgrave, Robert L.. (1973). "Politics and the Film in Tamilnadu: The Stars and the DMK". Asian Survey.
56. Team, BS Web. (2021-10-01). "Sivaji Ganesan's birthday: Google's tribute to late Tamil actor with Doodle". Business Standard India.
57. Naig, Udhav. (2018-01-07). "Stars in politics: No jump cuts in T.N.". The Hindu.
58. "Book Review: The Legends Of Indian Cinema – Sivaji Ganesan | Bollywood.com : Entertainment news, movie, music and fashion reviews". Bollywood.com.
59. (2015-10-01). "Sivaji Ganesan was not a success in politics, but Tamil parties still cannot disregard him".
60. "Vikram Prabhu remembers Sivaji and Kamala Ganesan on their wedding anniversary".
61. (9 August 2001). "The Hindu : Montage of images". Thehindujobs.com.
62. (27 November 2002). "Chip off the old block". [[The Hindu]].
63. (27 September 2004). "Life Chennai : The making of a Rajnikant-starrer". [[The Hindu]].
64. "Sivaji Ganesan dead". [[The Times of India]].
65. (6 August 2001). "Legendary film actor Sivaji Ganesan passes away".
66. [http://www.blonnet.com/businessline/2001/07/24/stories/18244401.htm Sivaji: The legend lives on] {{webarchive. link. (17 September 2009 , Business Line, Tue 24 July 2001)
67. "Thespian Sivaji Ganesan laid to rest amid tears". mid-day.com.
68. [http://www.sivajiprabhu.com/chevalier.html Padmabushan Chevalier Dr.'Sivaji' V.C. Ganesan] {{webarchive. link. (16 July 2011 , sivajiprabhu.com)
69. [http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/32315 Sivaji Ganesan: Tamil cinema's versatile actor par excellence] {{webarchive. link. (8 August 2014 , DBSJeyaraj.com, 26 July 2014)
70. "Sivaji Ganesan's 93rd Birthday".
71. The Hindu Net Desk. (2021-10-01). "Google pays tribute to legendary actor Sivaji Ganesan on his 93rd birth anniversary". [[The Hindu]].
72. (22 July 2001). "'Sivaji' Ganesan dead". [[The Hindu]].
73. The Imagined Universe. "Of I-day pride and I-days past | The Imagined Universe". Elekhni.com.
74. "Directorate of Film Festival". iffi.nic.in.
75. https://archive.org/details/20th-filmfare-best-actor-award-winners
76. (1984). "The Times of India directory and year book including who's who". Times of India Press.
77. https://archive.org/details/21st-annual-filmfare-awards-south-winners
78. (1991). "Collections". Update Video Publication.
79. "Lifetime Achievement Award (South) winners down the years...". [[Filmfare Awards]].
80. (19 February 2004). "Stars light up awards gala". [[The Hindu]].
81. (12 February 2006). "Sivaji Ganesan statue unveiled". The Hindu.
82. (30 June 2006). "Tamil movies : CM inspects the Sivaji statue! To be unveiled on July 21st!!".
83. "All awards but the national award". Archives.chennaionline.com.
84. (30 June 2006). "Tamil movies : CM inspects the Sivaji statue! To be unveiled on July 21st!!".
85. (21 Jul 2019). "கக்கனுக்கு உதவி செய்த சிவாஜி - நடிகர் திலகம் நினைவு தினம் இன்று!".