Single transverse palmar crease

Former name

Because it resembles the usual condition of non-human simians, it was, in the past, called the simian crease or simian line. These terms have widely fallen out of favor due to their pejorative connotation.

Medical significance

This crease is found in 45% of people with Down syndrome.

The presence of a single transverse palmar has been associated with several abnormal medical conditions—that is, it is found at a higher than 1.5% frequency, but in all of these conditions, many do not have this crease. Examples of conditions with such an association are fetal alcohol syndrome and the genetic chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome (chromosome 21), cri du chat syndrome (chromosome 5), Klinefelter syndrome, Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome, Noonan syndrome (chromosome 12), Patau syndrome (chromosome 13), IDIC 15/Dup15q (chromosome 15), Edward's syndrome (chromosome 18), and Aarskog–Scott syndrome (X-linked recessive), or autosomal recessive disorder, such as leukocyte adhesion deficiency-2 (LAD2). A unilateral single palmar crease was also reported in a case of chromosome 9 mutation causing nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome and Robinow syndrome. It is also sometimes found on the hands of the affected side of patients with Poland syndrome and craniosynostosis.

A 1971 study refutes the hypothesis that the phenomenon is caused by fetal hand movement: the appearance of the crease occurs around the second month of gestation before the digital movement phase in the womb begins.

File:Single transverse palmar crease adult.jpg|Single transverse palmar crease in an adult File:Normal creases adult.jpg|More common palmar creases in adults File:Bilateral single transverse palmar crease.jpg|Bilateral single transverse palmar crease. The single transverse palmar crease is present on both hands of the individual.

References

References

1. Dar M.D., Hannah. (1976-08-06). "Palmar Crease Variants and Their Clinical Significance". [[United States National Library of Medicine]].
2. (4 October 2010). "Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine E-Book: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant". Elsevier Health Sciences.
3. (1999). "Essentials of Human Genetics (4th Edn)". Orient Blackswan.
4. (2000). "Preventive management of children with congenital anomalies and syndromes". Cambridge University Press.
5. McPherson M.D., Katrina. (2004-05-03). "Pathophysiology of disease : an introduction to clinical medicine". McGraw-Hill Medical.
6. (30 June 1999). "Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II syndrome, a generalized defect in fucose metabolism". The Journal of Pediatrics.
7. (February 2003). "Interstitial deletion of chromosome 9, int del(9)(9q22.31-q31.2), including the genes causing multiple basal cell nevus syndrome and Robinow/brachydactyly 1 syndrome". European Journal of Pediatrics.
8. (July 1971). "On the Formulation of Palmar Creases". Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie.