Simplexvirus bovinealpha2

Pathology

Pseudo-lumpy skin disease was originally discovered in South Africa where a similar but more serious disease caused by a poxvirus, lumpy skin disease, is also prevalent. Symptoms include fever and skin nodules on the face, back, and perineum. The disease heals within a few weeks. Bovine mammillitis is characterized by lesions restricted to the teats and udder. BoHV-2 probably spreads through an arthropod vector, but can also be spread through milkers and milking machines.

A review publication from 2011 presents a series of controversial but scientifically based conclusions concerning the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the infection, among these that spread among cattle is preferably by the respiratory route, and that skin lesions result from viremic spread to epidermal foci and inflammation due to complement activation by the classical pathway at sites of virus propagation after formation of early antibody to BoHV2. Lesions may be aggravated by low skin temperature (e.g. in edematic or hairless skin areas) causing reduced blood circulation and hampered removal of cell-toxic inflammatory substances.

Morphology

BoHV2 is similar in structure to human herpes simplex virus.

References

References

1. ICTV 5th Report Francki, R. I. B., Fauquet, C. M., Knudson, D. L. & Brown, F. (eds)(1991). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Fifthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplementum 2, p. 106 https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ICTV%205th%20Report.pdf
2. (27 January 2016). "Rename species in the family ''Herpesviridae'' to incorporate a subfamily designation".
3. "History of the taxon: species : Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2".
4. (1993). "Veterinary Virology (2nd ed.)". Academic Press, Inc.
5. (23 July 2011). "Epidemiology and pathogenesis of the Bovine herpesvirus 2 infection: Disease in response to initial antibody production".
6. (2006). "Herpesviridae". A Concise Review of Veterinary Virology.