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Shoulder (road)

Reserve lane by the verge of a roadway

Shoulder (road)
Summary

Reserve lane by the verge of a roadway

A2]] at Leyton Cross, United Kingdom.

Full width hard shoulders are usually provided only on motorways and are usually 3.3 m wide, but there are exceptions. Some motorways do not have hard shoulders at all (for example the A57(M) and many smart motorways where the hard shoulder has been converted into a running lane, named all lane running smart motorways) and there are a small number of dual carriageway A-roads which do possess hard shoulders (for example, parts of the A1, A2 and A27). Hard shoulders are always marked with a reflecting solid white line which is 20 cm wide and is provided with a rumble strip. A line of red cats' eyes is also used, and is placed to the side of the line.

On many modern non-motorway roads, hard strips are provided. These are usually 1 m wide, and are bounded by thinner solid white lines, and often without a rumble strip.

References

References

  1. "''Hard shoulder'' definition". Cambridge English Dictionary.
  2. "Apps - Access My Library - Gale".
  3. Federal Highway Administration. "Safety Edge Introduction - Every Day Counts".
  4. "A shoulder to drive on". Traffic Technology Today.
  5. "Bus-Only Shoulders (Minnesota Department of Transportation)".
  6. "Bus-Only Shoulders in Minneapolis-St. Paul".
  7. (November 29, 2006). "NJDOT to open Route 9 Bus shoulder lanes in Old Bridge". New Jersey Department of Transportation.
  8. (2007). "Synthesis 64: Bus shoulder lanes". Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.
  9. Baldwin, Zoe. (July 10, 2009). "New Jersey gradually clearing away obstacles to bus rapid transit". Tri-State Transportation Campaign.
  10. (2017-05-22). "Pace Buses To Start Using Shoulders On Edens".
  11. Garnick, Coral. (October 3, 2015). "Jammed-up I-405 prompting some buses to run on the shoulder". [[The Seattle Times]].
  12. [https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7061188.stm Extra lane' plan to be extended] BBC News
  13. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-12814297 Hard shoulders opens on busy M6 by Birmingham] {{webarchive. link. (2017-06-30 BBC News)
  14. [http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/road-projects/m1-junction-10-13-improvements/ Highways Agency M1 Junction 10-13 Project status] {{webarchive. link. (2014-02-07 Highways Agency)
  15. [http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/road-projects/m25-junctions-23-27-managed-motorways/ Highways Agency M25 Junction 23-37 Project status] {{webarchive. link. (2013-08-20 Highways Agency)
  16. "Page not found – News - Highways England".
  17. "Google Maps".
  18. "Google Maps".
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  20. "Google Maps".
  21. Gutman, David. (May 4, 2017). "New I-405 shoulder lane reduces northbound travel times — for now". [[The Seattle Times]].
  22. (2024-10-07). "Emergency Shoulder Use (ESU) Video". Florida Department of Transportation District 5.
  23. "Emergency Shoulder Use (ESU)". [[Florida Department of Transportation]].
  24. (26 May 2017). "State introducing new hurricane evacuation plan this year". [[Sun-Sentinel]].
  25. (8 September 2017). "Shoulder use allowed on parts of I-75 for Hurricane Irma evacuations". [[Sun-Sentinel]].
  26. (9 September 2017). "Hurricane Irma: I-4 shoulder opened to Tampa evacuees". [[Sun-Sentinel]].
  27. (8 September 2017). "Florida Air Travel Begins Shutdown; Shoulder Lanes Opened on I-75 as Thousands Flee Hurricane Irma". The Weather Company.
  28. (7 October 2024). "Emergency Shoulder Use authorized for those evacuating in Florida". WFLA News Channel 8.
  29. Florida Department of Transportation. (7 October 2024). "To help facilitate evacuations for #HurricaneMilton, Emergency Shoulder Use (ESU) plans are actively being put in place for Eastbound I-4 and portions of Northbound I-75. Law enforcement and signage will alert motorists on when to enter and exit the shoulder. Learn more about ESU by watching this video: http://bit.ly/3YbhTAi".
  30. Figure IV.7 Pedestrian and cyclist accidents by road type. RS7:Safety of Vulnerable Road Users, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, August 1998
  31. The bicycle, a study of efficiency usage and safety., D.F. Moore, An Foras Forbatha, Dublin 1975
  32. link. (2007-09-27 , Danish Roads Directorate, Copenhagen, 2000)
  33. "Where to ride on the road".
  34. "National Coroners Information System, NCIS - Home".
  35. "Deaths in Emergency Lanes - National Coroners Information System (NCIS) Fact-Sheet, January 2011".
  36. (April 1, 2025). "California Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices". California Department of Transportation.
  37. (1 December 2014). "Roadshow: Tips for driving in fog". Bay Area News Group.
  38. "Art 162 Codice della Strada".
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

road-transport road-infrastructure
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