Sheraro

History

Along with Zana, Sheraro was an early hotbed of Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF) support. According to Gebru Tareke, the TPLF made Sheraro its base between 1979 and 1980, not only creating a support infrastructure there but also cultivating the land to grow cereals such as corn and sorghum, and cash crops like sesame. Eventually, the Derg, the ruling military junta of Ethiopia, directed a military campaign to crush the TPLF at its base. On 12 February 1980, they launched Operation Sheraro, in which four brigades of 4,000 men under the command of Colonel Tariku Ayne advanced first to the TPLF base on the Sur River, which they destroyed then on 25 February departed for Shiraro, which they found deserted and the TPLF positioned on the heights. On the next day, although without intelligence about their opponents, the Derg soldiers advanced into an open field—where the TPLF ambushed them. After four hours of fierce fighting, the four brigades of the defenders dissolved and the men retreated in disarray. Their casualties were 117 dead (including three battalion and three company commanders) and 292 wounded (including 11 officers).

When the Derg evacuated the town for the last time in 1985, allegedly the soldiers left land mines and hidden bombs which injured some people who had returned from hiding in the countryside.

Sheraro experienced shelling on 21 October 1998, during the Eritrean-Ethiopian War. Its inhabitants and refugees from the surrounding area who had sought safety in the town fled to a camp near Zeban Gedena, about 15 kilometers to the southeast.

Demographics

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this town has a total population of 17,045, of whom 8,163 are men and 8,882 women. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 93.2% reporting that as their religion, while 6.54% of the population were Muslim.

According to the 1994 national census, its total population was 8,415 of whom 3,881 were men and 4,534 were women. "

Ethiopian Civil War

During the Ethiopian Civil War, on 12 December 1988, Sheraro was bombed from the air by the Ethiopian Air Force, and eight people were killed.

Tigray War

During the Tigray War, the town was the site of clashes between the TDF and the EDF.

Amid renewed fighting in the region the town was taken by Eritrean and Ethiopian forces on 13 September 2022.

References

References

2. [http://www.sur.com.et/MajProjExp.html "SUR Construction PLC - Major Projects"] {{webarchive. link. (2010-02-26 , SUR Construction webpage (accessed 6 May 2010)
3. Gebru Tareke, ''The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa'' (New Haven: Yale University, 2009), pp. 89, 94f
4. Shiraro was subjected to an aerial attack by Derg aircraft on 12 December 1988, which killed 8 people.Africa Watch Report, [https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/e/ethiopia/ethiopia907.pdf ''Ethiopia: "Mengistu has Decided to Burn Us like Wood": Bombing of Civilians and Civilian Targets by the Air Force''], 24 July 1990
5. [http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/tigray01.html EUE: Tigray Evacuees, 12/98]
6. [http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=275&format=raw&Itemid=521 Census 2007 Tables: Tigray Region], Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.5 and 3.4.
7. [http://130.238.24.99/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/s/ORTSHE.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] {{webarchive. link. (2011-05-28 The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 12 December 2007))
8. Human Rights Watch, 24 July 1991: [https://www.hrw.org/reports/archives/africa/ETHIOPIA907.htm ETHIOPIA - "Mengistu has Decided to Burn Us like Wood" - Bombing of Civilians and Civilian Targets by the Air Force]
9. (13 September 2022). "Ten dead in second day of air raids in Ethiopia's Tigray region".