From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base
Senate of Spain
Upper house of the Cortes Generales
Upper house of the Cortes Generales
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| background_color | #900000 |
| name | Senate of Spain |
| native_name | Senado de España |
| legislature | 15th Senate of Spain |
| coa_pic | Coat of Arms of the Senate of Spain.svg |
| coa_res | 180px |
| house_type | Upper house |
| foundation | 1834 (disbanded 1923–1977) |
| 1977 (reinstituted) | |
| voting_system1 | Limited voting (208 seats) |
| Election by the legislatures of the autonomous communities (57 seats) | |
| leader1_type | President |
| leader1 | Pedro Rollán |
| party1 | (PP) |
| election1 | 17 August 2023 |
| leader2_type | First Vice President |
| leader2 | Javier Maroto |
| party2 | (PP) |
| election2 | 17 August 2023 |
| leader3_type | Second Vice President |
| leader3 | Concha Andreu |
| party3 | (PSOE) |
| election3 | 21 October 2025 |
| leader4_type | Majority leader |
| leader4 | Alicia García Rodríguez |
| party4 | (PP) |
| election4 | 30 November 2023 |
| leader5_type | Minority leader |
| leader5 | Juan Espadas |
| party5 | (PSOE) |
| election5 | 27 November 2023 |
| members | 266 |
| structure1 | Senado de España - XV legislatura.svg |
| structure1_res | 280px |
| last_election1 | 23 July 2023 |
| session_room | Hemiciclo del nuevo edificio del Senado de España (2012).jpg |
| meeting_place | Palacio del Senado |
| Centro, Madrid | |
| Kingdom of Spain | |
| website | |
| rules | Senate Standing Orders |
| coa-pic = 1977 (reinstituted) Election by the legislatures of the autonomous communities (57 seats) Government (95)
- PSOE (91)
- MM (1)
- EiFS (1)
- ASG (1)
- GBai (1)
Confidence and supply (17)
- ERC-EH Bildu (9){{efn|
- EH Bildu (5)
- ERC (4)}}
- PNV (5)
- Compromís (1)
- BNG (1)
- CCa (1)
Opposition (154)
- PP (145)
- Junts (4)
- Vox (3)
- AHI (1)
- UPN (1) Centro, Madrid Kingdom of Spain The Senate () is the upper house of the Cortes Generales, which along with the Congress of Deputies – the lower chamber – comprises the Parliament of the Kingdom of Spain. The Senate meets in the Palace of the Senate in Madrid. The presiding officer of the Senate is the president of the Senate, who is elected by the members at the first sitting after each national election.
The composition of the Senate is established in Part III of the Spanish Constitution. Each senator represents a province, an autonomous city or an autonomous community. Each mainland province, regardless of its population size, is equally represented by four senators; in the insular provinces, the larger islands are represented by three senators and the minor islands are represented by a single senator. Likewise, the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla elect two senators each. This direct election results in the election of 208 senators by the citizens. In addition, the regional legislatures also designate their own representatives, one senator for each autonomous community and another for every million residents, resulting in a total of 58 additional senators.
The Spanish Senate is constitutionally described as a territorial chamber. Consequently, although in general its powers are similar to those of the Congress of Deputies, it is endowed with exceptional powers such as authorising the Government to apply direct rule to a region or to dissolve local government councils.
Intensive debates about reforming the Senate's function and purpose have been going on for many years without any resolution.
History
Main article: Spanish parliamentarism
The first Spanish Constitution, the constitution of 1812, established a unicameral legislature; an upper Chamber did not exist.
The Senate was first established under the Royal Statute of 1834 approved by Queen Regent Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies under the denomination of House of Peers alongside the Deputies of the Realm. Under the constitution of 1837 it was named the Senate. Members were royal princes, hereditary nobility and clergy, and one appointed member for every 85 000 inhabitants. The districts were not yet fixed as today the electors were typically wealthy male citizens, selected through a census suffrage system. These electors then proposed a list of three persons to the king, who would choose one senator. It remained under the regimes of the constitution of 1845, draft constitution 1856.
With the glorious revolution 1869 the terna system was abolished; for a brief period of time Senators were elected indirectly until a hybrid model was adopted under constitution of 1876. Senators were of three main categories: senators by their own right, senators for life appointed by the crown, ex officio, or by institutions (archbishops, etc), and elected senators.
This house, along with the Congress of Deputies, was suppressed after the coup of General Miguel Primo de Rivera in 1923.
After the restoration of democracy during the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939) the new regime opted for a unicameral system, which was continued under the Francoist dictatorship.
Only after the Spanish transition to democracy in 1977 was the Senate re-established, not any more as an upper house, but for regional representation, similar to the US senate and Swiss council of states.
Role
The Spanish parliamentary system is bicameral but asymmetric. The Congress of Deputies has more independent functions, and it can also override most Senate measures. Only the Congress can grant or revoke confidence in the Prime Minister.
Either house may propose an ordinary law (or bill, ). A bill passed by Congress can be amended or vetoed by the Senate, in which case the bill is then sent back to the lower house. The Congress can then override an amendment by a simple majority vote; in contrast, a veto can be overridden either directly by an absolute majority vote or by a simple majority vote after a wait of two months . Organic laws, which govern basic civil rights and regional devolution, need an absolute majority of the Congress to pass, which applies to the defeat of Senate vetoes too.
The process for constitutional amendments is more complicated: the rule is to require a three fifths (60%) of both houses, but if the Senate does not achieve such a supermajority and a joint congress-senate committee fails to resolve the issues, the Congress may force the amendment through with a two-thirds vote as long as an absolute majority of the Senate was in favour. But for some specific types of amendments including those related to most clauses related to human rights, both houses must approve of the amendment by a two thirds vote, and an election must be held and the amendment must pass by a two thirds vote a second time, and if that is approved, the people must vote for the amendment in a referendum by majority vote.
The Senate has certain exclusive functions including
- the appointment of constitutional posts, such as judges of the Constitutional Court or the members of the General Council of the Judiciary;
- disciplining regional governments. It exercised this power in October 2017 over the region of Catalonia. This decision gave to prime minister Mariano Rajoy the power to remove the regional government and to dissolve the regional legislature, and govern directly from Madrid.
- suspending local governments. It exercised this power in April 2006, dissolving the Marbella city council when most of its members were found to have engaged in corrupt practices.
Senate reform has been a topic of discussion since the early days of Spanish democracy. One proposal would advance the federalization of Spain by remaking the Senate to represent the autonomous communities of Spain.
Organization
Senators form groups along party lines. Parties with fewer than ten senators form the Mixed Group. If the membership of an existing group falls below six during a session, it is merged into the Mixed Group at the next session. For example, Coalición Canaria lost its senate caucus in 2008 after electoral losses reduced its group from six to two. The Basque Nationalist Party, falling from seven to four, "borrowed" senators from the ruling Socialist Party to form their group; in exchange, they supported the election of socialist Javier Rojo as President of the Senate.
Legally, 133 seats are required for an absolute majority, vacant seats notwithstanding.
Elections to the Senate
To date, senate elections have coincided with elections to the lower house, but the prime minister may advise the king to call elections for one house only. While the Congress of Deputies is chosen by party list proportional representation, the members of the senate are chosen in two distinct ways: popular election by limited voting and appointment from regional legislatures.
Directly elected members
Most members of the senate (currently 208 of 266) are directly elected by the people. Each province elects four senators without regard to population. Insular provinces are treated specially. The larger islands of the Balearics (Baleares) and Canaries (Canarias)—Mallorca, Gran Canaria, and Tenerife—are assigned three seats each, and the smaller islands—Menorca, Ibiza–Formentera, Fuerteventura, Gomera, Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma—one each; Ceuta and Melilla are assigned two seats each. This allocation is heavily weighted in favor of small provinces; Madrid, with its 6.5 million people, and Soria, with 90,000 inhabitants, are each represented by four senators.
In non-insular constituencies, each party nominates three candidates. Candidates' names are organized in columns by party on a large (DIN A3 or larger) ochre-colored ballot called a sábana or bedsheet.
Each voter may mark up to three candidates' names, from any party. This is the only occasion when Spanish voters vote for individuals rather than a party list. Panachage is allowed, but typically voters cast all three votes for candidates of a single party. As a result, the four senators are usually the three candidates from the most popular party and the first placed candidate from the next most popular.
Before 2011, a party could not choose the order of its candidates on the ballot paper; candidates were sorted alphabetically by surname. When a party did not get all three of its candidates elected, this arrangement favored candidates with surnames early in the alphabet. This was the case for 2nd placed parties in every province and for both parties in tight races when voters did not vote for three candidates of the same party (panachage).
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:34.37%; color:white;" | 11 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:65.63%; color:white;" | 21 |
|---|
|- |3 | 12 | 1,341,289 | 111,774 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 3 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 9 |
|---|
|- |1 | 4 | 1,006,060 | 251,515 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 3 |
|---|
|- |1* | 5 | 1,209,906 | 241,981 |
| Sumar (electoral platform)}}; width:20%; color:white;" | 1 | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:20%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:60%; color:white;" | 3 |
|---|
|- |3 | 12 | 2,216,302 | 184,691 |
| EH Bildu (2023)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 4 | Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 4 | Basque Nationalist Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 4 |
|---|
|- |2* | 11 | 2,213,016 | 201,183 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:63.63%; color:white;" | 7 | Gomera Socialist Group}}; width:9.09%; color:white;" | 1 | Independent Herrenian Group}}; width:9.09%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:18.18%; color:white;" | 2 |
|---|
|- |1 | 4 | 588,387 | 147,096 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 3 |
|---|
|- |9 | 36 | 2,383,703 | 66,213 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 9 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 27 |
|---|
|- |5 | 20 | 2,084,086 | 104,204 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 5 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 15 |
|---|
|- |4 | 16 | 7,901,963 | 493,872 |
| Republican Left of Catalonia}}; width:18.75%; color:white;" | 3 | Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 12 | Together for Catalonia (2020)}}; width:6.25%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- |2 | 8 | 1,054,306 | 131,788 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 4 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 4 |
|---|
|- |4 | 16 | 2,699,424 | 168,714 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 4 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 12 |
|---|
|- |1 | 4 | 322,282 | 80,570 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 3 |
|---|
|- |1 | 4 | 6,871,903 | 1,717,975 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 3 |
|---|
|- |1 | 4 | 1,551,692 | 387,923 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:25%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 3 |
|---|
|- |1 | 4 | 672,155 | 168,038 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:75%; color:white;" | 3 | Navarrese People's Union }}; width:25%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- |3 | 12 | 5,216,195 | 434,682 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 4 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:66.66%; color:white;" | 8 |
|---|
|- |N/A | 2 | 83,052 | 41,526 |
| People's Party (Spain)}}; width:100%; color:white;" | 2 |
|---|
|- |N/A | 2 | 85,493 | 42,746 |
| People's Party (Spain)}}; width:100%; color:white;" | 2 |
|---|
|- |}
Regional legislatures-appointed members
The legislative assembly of each autonomous community of Spain appoints a senators to represent the community, with one senator per one million citizens, rounded up. Demographic growth increased the combined size of the regional appointed senators from 51 to 57 since 1983.
Conventionally, the proportions of the regional senators mimic their legislative assemblies. However, autonomous communities have considerable leeway, and a motion to appoint the regional senators often requires no more than a plurality:
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 3 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:55.55%; color:white;" | 5 | Vox (political party)}}; width:11.11%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 1,341,289 | 2 | 670,644 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 1,006,060 | 2 | 503,030 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 1,209,906 | 2 | 604,953 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 2,216,302 | 3 | 738,767 |
| EH Bildu (2023)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 | Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 | Basque Nationalist Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 2,213,016 | 3 | 737,672 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 | Canarian Coalition}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 588,387 | 1 | 588,387 |
| People's Party (Spain)}}; width:100%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 2,383,703 | 3 | 794,567 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:66.67%; color:white;" | 2 |
|---|
|- | 2,084,086 | 3 | 694,695 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:66.67%; color:white;" | 2 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 7,901,963 | 8 | 987,745 |
| Republican Left of Catalonia}}; width:12.5%; color:white;" | 1 | Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}; width:37.5%; color:white;" | 3 | Together for Catalonia (2020)}}; width:37.5%; color:white;" | 3 | People's Party of Catalonia}}; width:12.5%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 1,054,306 | 2 | 527,153 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 | Vox (political party)}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 2,699,424 | 3 | 899,808 |
| Galician Nationalist Bloc}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:66.67%; color:white;" | 2 |
|---|
|- | 322,282 | 1 | 322,282 |
| People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 6,871,903 | 7 | 981,700 |
| Más Madrid}}; width:14.29%; color:white;" | 1 | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:14.29%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:71.42%; color:white;" | 5 |
|---|
|- | 1,551,692 | 2 | 775,846 |
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 672,155 | 1 | 672,155 |
| Geroa Bai}}; width:50%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- | 5,216,195 | 6 | 869,365 |
| Coalició Compromís}}; width:16.66%; color:white;" | 1 | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 2 | People's Party (Spain)}}; width:33.33%; color:white;" | 2 | Vox (political party)}}; width:16.66%; color:white;" | 1 |
|---|
|- |}
Composition
Main article: Parliamentary group (Spain)#Senate
The last election was held on 23 July 2023. Following the election, the composition of the 15th Senate was:
| Parliamentary group | Elected | App. | Total |
|---|
| People's Party (Spain)}}" | People's Party Group in the Senate | 120 | 24 | 144 |
|---|
| Socialist Group | |
|---|---|
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Socialists' Party of Catalonia}}" | |
| Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left}}" | |
| Socialists' Party of Galicia}}" |
| Republican Left–EH Bildu Group | |
|---|---|
| EH Bildu (2023)}}" |
| Plural Group in the Senate (JxCat–CC-AHI-BNG) | |
|---|---|
| Galician Nationalist Bloc}}" | |
| Canarian Coalition}}" | |
| Independent Herrenian Group}}" |
| Basque Nationalist Party}}" | Basque Group in the Senate | 4 | 1 | 5 |
|---|
| Confederal Left Group | |
|---|---|
| Sumar (electoral platform)}}" | |
| Geroa Bai}}" | |
| Sumar (electoral platform)}}" | |
| Más Madrid}}" | |
| Coalició Compromís}}" |
| Mixed Group | |
|---|---|
| Navarrese People's Union}}" |
| Total | 208 | 58 | 266 |
|---|
Committees
| Committee | Chair(s) | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agriculture, Fisheries and Food | María Teresa Macías | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Foreign Affairs | Antonio Gutiérrez Limones | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Ibero-American Affairs | César Alejandro Mogo Zaro | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Science, Innovation and Universities | Francisco Javier de Lucas Martín | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Constitutional | Antonio Magdaleno Alegría | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| International Cooperation for Development | Elena Diego | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Culture and Sport | Manuel Escarda Escarda | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Defence | Pilar Llop Cuenca | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Rights of Families, Childhood and Adolescence | María de los Ángeles Luna Morales | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Economy and Business | Javier Garcinuño Rama | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Education and Vocational Training | José Asensi Sabater | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Local Administrations | Miguel Carmelo Dalmau Blanco | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Public Works | José Fernández Blanco | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Civil Service | Salvador Vidal Varela | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| General on Autonomous Communities | Joan Lerma Blasco | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Finance | Cosme Bonet Bonet | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Equality | Josefina Antonia Bueno Alonso | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Incompatibilities | Julia María Liberal Liberal | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Industry, Trade and Tourism | Marisa Bustinduy | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Home Affairs | María Jesús Castro Mateos | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Justice | Francisco Manuel Fajardo Palarea (PSOE) | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Nominations | Manuel Cruz | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Rules | |||
| Comprehensive Disability Policies | María Teresa Fernández Molina | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Petitions | Micaela Navarro | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Budget | José Antonio Monago | People's Party (Spain)}}" | |
| Health, Consumer Affairs and Social Welfare | Modesto Pose Mesura | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Petitions by a Court | Félix Ortega Fernández | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Labour, Migrations and Social Security | Antonio Armando Ferrer | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | |
| Ecological Transition | María Isabel Moreno Duque | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" |
Presidents of the Senate of Spain
This is a list of the Presidents of the Senate since the reestablishment of the upper house in 1977. To see previous presidents, look the full list of presidents of the Senate.
| Portrait | Name | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (BirthDeath) | Term of office | Tenure | |||||
| (Years and days) | Party | Legislature | Monarch | ||||
| (Reign) | {{sup | Ref.}} | |||||
| Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}" | [[File:Antonio Fontan press freedom hero.JPG | 75px]] | Antonio Fontán | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (1923–2010) | 13 July 1977 | ||||||
| 2 January 1979 | Union of the | ||||||
| Democratic Centre | [Constituent | ||||||
| (1977)](1977-spanish-general-election) | Juan Carlos I | ||||||
| [[File:Juan Carlos I of Spain (2010) cropped.jpg | 80px]] | ||||||
| (19752014) | |||||||
| Union of the Democratic Centre (Spain)}}" | [[File:(Cecilio Valverde) Adolfo Suárez junto al vicepresidente primero y de Asuntos de Defensa, en el Congreso de los Diputados. Pool Moncloa. 1979 (cropped).jpeg | 75px]] | Cecilio Valverde | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (1927–2001) | 27 April 1979 | ||||||
| 31 August 1982 | Union of the | ||||||
| Democratic Centre | [I | ||||||
| (1979)](1979-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | [[File:(Carvajal) Felipe González junto al presidente del Senado y el presidente del Congreso (cropped).jpeg | 75px]] | José Federico de Carvajal | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (1930–2015) | 18 November 1982 | ||||||
| 2 September 1989 | Spanish Socialist | ||||||
| Workers' Party | [II | ||||||
| (1982)](1982-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| [III | |||||||
| (1986)](1986-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | [[File:Juan José Laborda 1992 (cropped).jpg | 75px]] | Juan José Laborda | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1947) | 21 November 1989 | ||||||
| 9 January 1996 | Spanish Socialist | ||||||
| Workers' Party | [IV | ||||||
| (1989)](1989-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| [V | |||||||
| (1993)](1993-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| People's Party (Spain)}}" | [[File:Juan Ignacio Barrero Valverde.jpg | 75px]] | Juan Ignacio Barrero | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1943) | 27 March 1996 | ||||||
| 8 February 1999 | People's Party | [VI | |||||
| (1996)](1996-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| People's Party (Spain)}}" | [[File:Esperanza Aguirre 2004 (cropped).jpg | 75px]] | Esperanza Aguirre | ||||
| Countess consort of Murillo | |||||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1952) | 8 February 1999 | ||||||
| 21 October 2002 | People's Party | ||||||
| [VII | |||||||
| (2000)](2000-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| People's Party (Spain)}}" | [[File:Juan José Lucas Jiménez junto a los integrantes de la Comisión General de secretarios de Estado y subsecretarios. Pool Moncloa. 17 de octubre de 2001 (cropped) (cropped).jpeg | 75px]] | Juan José Lucas | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1944) | 22 October 2002 | ||||||
| 20 January 2004 | People's Party | ||||||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | [[File:(Javier Rojo) Fernández de la Vega preside en el Senado la inauguración del VII Congreso de la Asociación de Constitucionalistas de España. Pool Moncloa. 22 de enero de 2009 (cropped).jpeg | 75px]] | Javier Rojo | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1949) | 2 April 2004 | ||||||
| 27 September 2011 | Spanish Socialist | ||||||
| Workers' Party | [VIII | ||||||
| (2004)](2004-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| [IX | |||||||
| (2008)](2008-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| People's Party (Spain)}}" | [[File:(Pío García-Escudero) AACU4015 2018 (41536086810) (cropped).jpg | 75px]] | Pío García-Escudero | ||||
| 4th Count of Badarán | |||||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1952) | 13 December 2011 | ||||||
| 20 May 2019 | People's Party | [X | |||||
| (2011)](2011-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| Felipe VI | |||||||
| [[File:(Felipe de Borbón) Inauguración de FITUR 2018 (39840659951) (cropped).jpg | 80px]] | ||||||
| (2014present) | |||||||
| [XI | |||||||
| (2015)](2015-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| [XII | |||||||
| (2016)](2016-spanish-general-election) | |||||||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | [[File:Manuel Cruz 2013 (cropped).jpg | 75px]] | Manuel Cruz | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1951) | 21 May 2019 | ||||||
| 2 December 2019 | Spanish Socialist | ||||||
| Workers' Party | XIII | ||||||
| (2019) | |||||||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | [[File:Foto_oficial_de_Pilar_Llop.jpg | 75px]] | Pilar Llop | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1973) | 3 December 2019 | ||||||
| 8 July 2021 | Spanish Socialist | ||||||
| Workers' Party | XIV | ||||||
| (2019) | |||||||
| Spanish Socialist Workers' Party}}" | [[File:(Ander Gil) Clausura “Foro PSOE & Organización. Una campaña electoral exitosa” (43996293934) (cropped).jpg | 75px]] | Ander Gil | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1974) | 12 July 2021 | ||||||
| 16 August 2023 | Spanish Socialist | ||||||
| Workers' Party | XIV | ||||||
| (2019) | |||||||
| People's Party (Spain)}}" | [[File:(Pedro Rollán Ojeda) Premio “Mujer del Año” concedido por Madrid Diario (34678124742) 2017 (cropped).jpg | 75px]] | Pedro Rollán | ||||
| President of the Senate | |||||||
| (born 1974) | 17 August 2023 | ||||||
| Incumbent | People's Party | [XV | |||||
| (2023)](2023-spanish-general-election) |
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:12 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:80 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1977 till: TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:2 start:1977
Colors = id:UCD value:rgb(0.161,0.412,0.161) legend:UCD id:PSOE value:rgb(0.937,0.094,0.129) legend:PSOE id:PP value:rgb(0.094,0.525,0.808) legend:PP
Legend = columns:1 left:205 top:35 columnwidth:75
TextData = pos:(20,27) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Political parties:"
BarData = barset:PM bar:Carvajal bar:Laborda bar:Barrero bar:Aguirre bar:Lucas bar:Rojo bar:Escudero bar:Cruz bar:Llop bar:Gil bar:Rollán
PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM
from: 13/07/1977 till: 02/01/1979 color:UCD text:"Fontán" fontsize:10 from: 27/04/1979 till: 31/08/1982 color:UCD text:"Valverde" fontsize:10 bar:Carvajal from: 12/11/1982 till: 23/04/1986 color:PSOE from: 15/07/1986 till: 02/09/1989 color:PSOE text:"de Carvajal" fontsize:10 bar:Laborda from: 21/11/1989 till: 12/04/1993 color:PSOE from: 29/06/1993 till: 09/01/1996 color:PSOE text:"Laborda" fontsize:10 bar:Barrero from: 27/03/1996 till: 08/02/1999 color:PP text:"Barrero" fontsize:10 bar:Aguirre from: 08/02/1999 till: 18/01/2000 color:PP from: 05/04/2000 till: 21/10/2002 color:PP text:"Aguirre" fontsize:10 bar:Lucas from: 22/10/2002 till: 20/01/2004 color:PP text:"Lucas" fontsize:10 bar:Rojo from: 02/04/2004 till: 15/01/2008 color:PSOE from: 01/04/2008 till: 27/09/2011 color:PSOE text:"Rojo" fontsize:10 bar:Escudero from: 13/12/2011 till: 27/10/2015 color:PP from: 13/01/2016 till: 03/05/2016 color:PP from: 19/07/2016 till: 20/05/2019 color:PP text:"García-Escudero" fontsize:10 bar:Cruz from: 21/05/2019 till: 02/12/2019 color:PSOE text:"Cruz" fontsize:10 bar:Llop from: 03/12/2019 till: 08/07/2021 color:PSOE text:"Llop" fontsize:10 bar:Gil from: 12/07/2021 till: 16/08/2023 color:PSOE text:"Gil" fontsize:10 bar:Rollán from: 17/08/2023 till: end color:PP text:"Rollán" fontsize:10
Notes
References
Bibliography
References
- "Constitución de la Monarquia española de 18 de Junio de 1837".
- "Ley electoral (20 de julio de 1837)".
- "BOE-A-1978-31229 Constitución Española.".
- Senate of Spain. "Senate' Committees Chairs".
This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.
Ask Mako anything about Senate of Spain — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.
Research with MakoFree with your Surf account
Create a free account to save articles, ask Mako questions, and organize your research.
Sign up freeThis content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.
Report