Semey

History

The first Russian settlement in the area dates from 1718, when Russia built a fort beside the river Irtysh, near the ruins of an ancient Buddhist monastery, where seven buildings could be seen. The fort (and later the city) was named Semipalatinsk (Russian for "Seven-Chambered City") after the monastery. The fort suffered frequent flooding caused by snowmelt swelling the Irtysh.

In 1778 the fort was relocated 18 km upstream to less flood-prone ground. A small city developed around the fort, and largely served the river trade between the nomadic peoples of Central Asia and the growing Russian Empire. The construction of the Turkestan-Siberia Railway in the early 20th century added to the city's importance, making it a major point of transit between Central Asia and Siberia. On 19 May 1854, Semipalatinsk was designated as the capital of the Semipalatinsk Oblast within the Russian Empire.

Between 1917 and 1920, the city operated as the capital of the largely unrecognized Alash Autonomy, a state (1917–1920) established after the outbreak of the October Revolution in Russia. The city was called Alash-qala during the Alash Autonomy years. Red Army forces loyal to Petrograd took control of the area in 1920. It was the center of the until 17 January 1928, then of the East Kazakhstan Oblast between 17 January 1928 and 14 October 1939 and finally of the Semipalatinsk Oblast between 1939 and 1997.

In 1949 the Soviet atomic bomb programme selected a site on the steppe 180 km west of the city as the location for its weapons testing. For decades, Kurchatov (the secret city at the heart of the test range named for Igor Kurchatov, father of the Soviet atomic bomb) was home to many of the brightest stars of Soviet weapons science. The Soviet Union operated the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) from the first explosion in 1949 until 1989; 456 nuclear tests, including 340 underground and 116 atmospheric tests, took place there.

Some land around Semey has suffered environmental and health effects from the time of its atomic prosperity: nuclear fallout from the atmospheric tests and uncontrolled exposure of the workers, some of whom lived in the area close to the testsite, have resulted in high rates of cancer, childhood leukemia, and birth defects among the residents of neighbouring villages.

Modern Semey, a bustling university town, has a population exceeding 350,000. Because of its proximity to the Kazakh border with the Russian Federation, and the large scientific community attached to the STS labs and the university, which includes many Russians, Semey is said to have a more Russian character than other cities in Kazakhstan.

Semipalatinsk Oblast merged with the larger East Kazakhstan Region, whose capital city is Oskemen, on 23 May 1997.

The Semey Bridge, a suspension bridge across the Irtish River, connects the two major parts of Semey. It has a main span of 750 m and a total length of 1086 m. Construction began in 1998 and the bridge opened to traffic in November 2000.

In 2007 the Semipalatinsk City Council voted unanimously in favour of changing the name of the city to Semey. The Chairman said that existing name had negative associations because of the extensive atomic testing there. | access-date = 2015-09-10

In March 2022, Semey was selected by President Tokayev as the prospective capital of the new Abai Region. This came into force on 8 June 2022 when Abai Region became an official Region of Kazakhstan.

Climate

Semey has a cold semi-arid climate, with warm summers and very cold winters. Precipitation is low for the whole year, except for July which has an average of 50 mm compared to less than 30 mm in other months. Snow is common, though light, in winter. The lowest temperature on record is -48.6 °C, recorded in November 1910, and the highest temperature is 42.5 °C, recorded in August 2002.

|Jan record high C = 7.2 |Feb record high C = 7.2 |Mar record high C = 24.5 |Apr record high C = 33.9 |May record high C = 37.5 |Jun record high C = 39.5 |Jul record high C = 42.1 |Aug record high C = 42.5 |Sep record high C = 38.9 |Oct record high C = 30.0 |Nov record high C = 21.0 |Dec record high C = 7.8 |year record high C = 42.5 |Jan record low C = −47.2 |Feb record low C = -45.3 |Mar record low C = −38.9 |Apr record low C = -26.1 |May record low C = -9.9 |Jun record low C = -1.1 |Jul record low C = 3.9 |Aug record low C = -1.0 |Sep record low C = -8.2 |Oct record low C = -20.8 |Nov record low C = −48.6 |Dec record low C = −45.8 |year record low C = -48.6 |Jan snow depth cm = 17 |Feb snow depth cm = 21 |Mar snow depth cm = 12 |Apr snow depth cm = 0 |May snow depth cm = 0 |Jun snow depth cm = 0 |Jul snow depth cm = 0 |Aug snow depth cm = 0 |Sep snow depth cm = 0 |Oct snow depth cm = 0 |Nov snow depth cm = 3 |Dec snow depth cm = 11 |year snow depth cm = 21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161125144250/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/36177.htm | archive-date = 25 November 2016 | access-date = 4 January 2022 | access-date = 25 November 2016 | archive-date = 4 January 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220104142417/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/KS/36177.TXT | url-status = dead | access-date = September 17, 2016}}

Transportation

Semey is situated at the Turkestan–Siberia Railway and offers connections to Almaty (former Alma-Ata), Barnaul, and Novosibirsk, among others.

The city has a museum to commemorate Abay Qunanbayuli.

Both a museum and a street are named after Dostoyevsky. The Museum of F. M. Dostoevsky in Semey was opened on 7 May 1971. It was established by the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR N 261. Of the seven museums devoted to Dostoevsky, this is the only one located outside Russia.

Population

Higher education

Semey is famous for its intellectual medical community with leading Semey Medical University which provides the region and the country with highly professional health specialists.

Notable residents

• Pavel Bazhov (1879–1950), writer and publicist
• Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881), novelist
• Wladimir Klitschko (born 1976), Ukrainian boxer
• Stanislav Kurilov (1936–1998), oceanographer, defector
• Sergey Letov (born 1956), Russian musician
• Vladimir Lisitsin (1938–1971), footballer
• Abai Qunanbaiuly (1845–1904), poet, composer, and philosopher
• Zaq (born 1996), singer and a member of Kazakh boyband Ninety One

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Semey is twinned with:

• BEL Ypres, Belgium

References

References

1. (2025-10-14). "Адлет Кожанбаев избран новым акимом Семея".
2. Vakulchuk, R., Gjerde, K., Belikhina, T. and Apsalikov, K. 2014. Semipalatinsk nuclear testing: the humanitarian consequences. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, Oslo. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323116670
3. [http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/08/30/btsc.chance.nukes/index.html "Inside the nuclear underworld: Deformity and fear"], [[CNN]], retrieved 2007-08-31
4. (September 2006). "Irtysh River Bridge Construction Project / Field Survey". Japan International Cooperation Agency.
5. "В Казахстане появится четыре новых региона".