Scandium chloride

Structure

crystallises in the layered motif, which features octahedral scandium centres. Monomeric is the predominant species in the vapour phase at 900 K, the dimer accounts for approximately 8%. The electron diffraction spectrum indicates that the monomer is planar and the dimer has two bridging Cl atoms each Sc being 4 coordinate.

Reactions

is a Lewis acid that absorbs water to give aquo complexes. According to X-ray crystallogrphy, one such hydrate is the salt trans-.The Rare Earth Elements, Fundamentals and Applications David A. Atwood, 2012, John Wiley & Sons Inc, With the less basic ligand tetrahydrofuran, yields the adduct as white crystals. This THF-soluble complex is used in the synthesis of organoscandium compounds. has been converted to its dodecyl sulfate salt, which has been investigated as a "Lewis acid-surfactant combined catalyst" (LASC) in aldol-like reactions.

Reduction

Scandium(III) chloride was used by Fischer et al. who first prepared metallic scandium by electrolysis of a eutectic melt of scandium(III) chloride and other salts at 700-800 °C.

reacts with scandium metal to give a number of chlorides where scandium has an oxidation state of less than +3, ScCl, , , and . For example, reduction of with scandium metal in the presence of caesium chloride gives the compound which contain linear chains of composition , containing octahedra sharing faces.

Uses

Scandium(III) chloride is found in some halide lamps, optical fibers, electronic ceramics, and lasers.

References

• Hwu, S. J.; Dudis, D. S. and Corbett, J. D., "Synthesis, structure, and properties of the infinite-chain compounds scandium chloride carbide, Sc5Cl8C and scandium chloride nitride, Sc5Cl8N", Inorganic Chemistry, 1987, volume 26, page 469-73
• Corbett, J. D., "Trichlorides of the rare earth elements, yttrium, and scandium", Inorganic Syntheses, 1983, volume 22, page 39-42
• Meyer, G. and Corbett, J. D., "Reduced ternary halides of scandium: RbScX3 (X = chlorine, bromine) and CsScX3 (X = chlorine, bromine, iodine)", Inorganic Chemistry, 1981, volume 20, page 2627-31.
• Corbett, J. D.; Daake, R. L.; Poeppelmeier, K. R. and Guthrie, D. H., "Metal-metal bonded clusters in transition metal Groups 3 and 4. Synthesis and structure of three M6 X12-type clusters for scandium and zirconium", Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1978, volume 100, page 652-4.
• Poeppelmeier, K. R. and Corbett, J. D., "Metal-metal bonding in reduced scandium halides. Synthesis and crystal structure of scandium monochloride", Inorganic Chemistry, 1977, volume 16, page 294-7. --

References

1. Frederikse, H.P.R.; Lide, David R. (1998). [http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/ CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (78th Edition)]
2. {{Greenwood&Earnshaw
3. Crystal Structure of ScCl₃ Refined from Powder Neutron Diffraction Data, Fjellvåg, H., Karen, P., Acta Chemica Scandinavica, 48, 294-297, {{doi. 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.48-0294
4. Haaland A., Martinsen K-G, Shorokhov D.J, Girichev G.V., Sokolov V.I, J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., 1998, 2787 - 2792, {{doi. 10.1039/a803339k
5. Manzer, L. E., "Tetrahydrofuran Complexes of Selected Early Transition Metals", Inorganic Syntheses, 1982, volume 21, page 135-40.{{doi. 10.1002/9780470132524.ch31
6. (1999). "Effects of Lewis acid-surfactant-combined catalysts on aldol and Diels-Alder reactions in water". Tetrahedron.
7. Fischer, Werner. (1937). "Über das metallische Scandium". [[Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie]].
8. Corbett, J.D.. (1981). "Extended metal-metal bonding in halides of the early transition metals". Acc. Chem. Res..
9. (1981). "Reduced ternary halides of scandium: RbScX3 (X = chlorine, bromine) and CsScX3 (X = chlorine, bromine, iodine)". Inorganic Chemistry.
10. Metal Suppliers Online. (2000). [http://www.suppliersonline.com/research/Charts/periodic/021Scandium.asp Scandium Chloride]