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Santonian

Fourth age of the Late Cretaceous epoch

Summary

Fourth age of the Late Cretaceous epoch

Field	Value
name	Santonian
color	Santonian
time_start	85.7
time_start_uncertainty	0.2
time_end	83.6
time_end_uncertainty	0.2
timeline	Cretaceous
name_formality	Formal
celestial_body	earth
usage	Global (ICS)
timescales_used	ICS Time Scale
chrono_unit	Age
strat_unit	Stage
timespan_formality	Formal
lower_boundary_def	FAD of the Inoceramid Bivalve Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus
lower_gssp_location	Olazagutia, Spain
lower_gssp_coords
lower_gssp_accept_date	January 2013
upper_boundary_def	Base of Chron C33r
upper_gssp_location	Bottaccione, Gubbio, Italy
upper_gssp_coords
upper_gssp_accept_date	October 2022

The Santonian is an age in the geologic timescale or a chronostratigraphic stage. It is a subdivision of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series. It spans the time between 85.7 ± 0.2 mya (million years ago) and 83.6 ± 0.2 mya. The Santonian is preceded by the Coniacian and is followed by the Campanian.

Stratigraphic definition

The Santonian Stage was established by French geologist Henri Coquand in 1857. It is named after the city of Saintes in the region of Saintonge, where the original type locality is located.

The base of the Santonian Stage is defined by the appearance of the inoceramid bivalve Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus. The GSSP (official reference profile) for the base of the Santonian Stage is located near Olazagutia, Spain; it was ratified by the Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy in 2012. The Santonian's top (the base of the Campanian Stage) is informally marked by the extinction of the crinoid Marsupites testudinarius. A GSSP for the top of the Santonian was ratified in October 2022 in Bottaccione, Gubbio, Italy.

Subdivision

The Santonian is sometimes subdivided into Lower, Middle and Upper Substages. In the Tethys domain the Santonian is coeval with a single ammonite biozone: that of Placenticeras polyopsis. Biostratigraphy based on inoceramids, nanoplankton or forams is more detailed.

References

Notes

Literature

; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.

References

(March 2014). "The Global Boundary Stratotype and Section Point (GSSP) for the base of the Santonian Stage, "Cantera de Margas", Olazagutia, northern Spain". Episodes.
(2023). "Carbon isotopes, palynology and stratigraphy of the Santonian–Campanian boundary: The GSSP auxiliary sections, Seaford Head (England) and Bocieniec (Poland), and correlation between the Boreal and Tethyan realms". Cretaceous Research.
(1 February 2023). "The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Campanian Stage at Bottaccione (Gubbio, Italy) and its Auxiliary Sections: Seaford Head (UK), Bocieniec (Poland), Postalm (Austria), Smoky Hill, Kansas (U.S.A), Tepayac (Mexico)". Episodes.
"Campanian GSSP Ratified by IUGS". International Commission on Stratigraphy.
Gradstein ''et al.'' (2004)
(2020). "Geologic Time Scale 2020". Elsevier.
(2020). "Geologic Time Scale 2020". Elsevier.

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

santonian late-cretaceous geological-ages cretaceous-geochronology

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