Santiago Metropolitan Region

History

The region's history of European influence started in 1542, a few days after Santiago was founded. When the Santiago cabildo was built, its function was to supervise the entire territory. Later, with the creation of the cities of La Serena and Concepción and the creation of their respective cabildos, its territorial reach was reduced.

On 30 August 1826, 8 provinces were created, with the Santiago Province being one of them, but it wasn't until 1980 that the Metropolitan Region was created.

Geography

Metropolitana is Chile's only landlocked region and lies in the Intermediate Depression valley between the Chilean Coast Range and the Andes Mountains. Cerro San Cristóbal dominates the sprawling Santiago cityscape at a height of 880 m above sea level with city suburbs steadily climbing the foothills of the Andes to the east. The Tupungato stratovolcano, measures 6570 m on the Argentine border, is one of South America's highest peaks.

The dominant drainage basin feeds into the Maipo River; its main tributaries are the Mapocho, Yeso and Colorado rivers.

Most of the region is made up of an extremely fertile, level prairie that the locals call la Depresión intermedia (Intermediate Depression). The terrain is known for its low elevation in relation to sea level and for being surrounded by hills, as well as emergent so-called island hills, such as Santa Lucía (an ancient extinct volcano), Blanco, and Renca, present today in the city of Santiago.

There is some occurrence of the endangered Chilean Wine Palm, Jubaea chilensis within the Santiago Province; this iconic tree of central Chile had a much larger range prehistorically, before the decimation of much of its habitat by the expanding human population.

The region mountainous parts of the region host various deposits of copper ore. To the north the mine of Los Bronces straddle the border with Valparaíso Region in the high Andes. Also in the high Andes but to the south along the border with O'Higgins Region lies the unexploited copper ore prospect of Catedral. To the west of the region at the foot of the Chilean Coastal Cordillera lies the mine Lo Aguirre which closed in 2000.

Climate

The climate of the Metropolitan Region is temperate Mediterranean cold, of the kind called continental. Precipitation is concentrated in the winter months, generally as snow over 900 m above sea level and, in colder years, over the city of Santiago. Winter tends to be cold with frequent frosts during which temperature drops below 0 °C. The summer months are usually dry and hot. The Cordillera de la Costa acts as a climate screen and reduces marine influence, which makes the climate more continental. This situation becomes apparent when comparing precipitation from a coastal location such as Valparaíso (460 mm) with that of Santiago de Chile (360 mm).

The annual median precipitation reaches 367 mm on average. The annual median temperature comes out to 13.5 °C, with a median high of 21 °C and a median low of 6 °C in urban areas. Rural areas tend to be colder, as temperature reaches -10 °C in the coldest months (July, August)

Government

The region is divided into 6 provinces, which are themselves divided into 52 communes. Since 2021 the region is governed by the governor, who is elected by popular vote. The current governor is Claudio Orrego Larraín (Independent).

Demographics

As of the 2024 census, the region has a population of 7,400,741, of which 48.4% are male and 51.6% are female, compared to the nationwide average of 48.5% and 51.5% respectively. People under 15 years old make up 17.3% of the population, and people over 65 years old make up 13.2%, compared to the nationwide average of 17.7% and 14.0% respectively. 96.2% of the population is urban and 3.8% is rural.

Economy

The region's principal industries include manufacturing, services, retail, and financial services. The capital of Santiago serves as the country's administrative, industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center, producing 41.5% of Chile's gross domestic product, according to central bank estimates.

Notable places

The Plaza de Armas, the central square in downtown Santiago, hosts the city's cathedral and city hall. Eight city blocks around the presidential palace, La Moneda, are where most ministries, services and commercial banks can be found. Vitacura and El Golf host most of the city's high-rise buildings and are also home to the Latin American headquarters of several United Nations organizations. Though Santiago's expansion has caused newer vineyards to move to more rural locations, many of the country's oldest wineries, built in the 19th century, have preserved cellars in the valley.

References

Gallery

File:SantiagoIDHcomunas.png|Metropolitan communes by Human Development Index File:Santiago en invierno.jpg|Santiago de Chile File:Palacio_de_LaMoneda02.png|View of Palacio de La Moneda File:AvKennedy_Santiago_Chile_2005.jpg|Kennedy Avenue, East Santiago with the Hyatt at the far right. File:Av-Isidora-Goyenechea-STGO.jpg|Isidora Goyenechea Avenue, Santiago financial district. File:Barrio_tipico_La_Florida.jpg|Typical middle-class neighbourhood File:Vitacura_at_night.jpg|Santiago at night File:El_Colorado_ski.jpg|One of the region's ski centers File:Vista_del_Sanhattan_desde_P._Bicentenario..jpg|Sanhattan, Santiago's financial district with the Great Tower of Santiago. File:Sanhattan.png|Santiago's Financial District with the Great Tower on the right and the Titanium on the left. File:AvenidaApoquindo.jpg|Apoquindo Avenue, the main avenue leading to the financial district. File:Housechile.JPG|House in one of the region's ski centers.

References

1. (May 2018). "Santiago Metropolitan Region". [[Government of Chile]] Foreign Investment Committee }}{{dead link.
2. "Resultados – Censo 2024". [[National Statistics Institute (Chile).
3. [https://stats.oecd.org/ Regions and Cities > Regional Statistics > Regional Economy > Regional GDP per Capita], OECD.Stats.
4. "Subnational HDI (v9.0)". Institute for Management Research.
5. "Subnational HDI of Chile".
6. link. (17 October 2012)
7. (2019). "Catedral". [[ENAMI (Chile).
8. Saric, Nicolas. (2003). "Geología del yacimiento Lo Aguirre, Chile". [[Andean Geology.
9. "Censo de Población y Vivienda". [[National Statistics Institute (Chile).
10. "Censos de 1970-1982". [[Memoria Chilena]].