San Tomas Aquino Creek

History

In the 1850s the creek appeared on several land grant maps as San Tomas Aquinas Creek and Arroyo de San Tomás Aquinas, named after Saint Thomas Aquinas. Historically, San Tomas Aquino Creek formed the eastern boundary of the 1841 Rancho Quito and the western boundary of the 1840 Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos land grants.

Watershed and course

The San Tomas Aquino Creek watershed drains about 45 square miles. It begins in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains within the city of Saratoga and flows north through Campbell.

The middle portion of the creek runs under or alongside San Tomas Expressway. From Bucknall Road in Campbell, it runs along the west side of the expressway until Williams Road in West San Jose. From there, it runs under the median of the expressway until shortly north of Cabrillo Avenue in Santa Clara. Some portions are partially exposed, but much is completely underground. Just south of Monroe Avenue in Santa Clara, it joins Saratoga Creek.

The Guadalupe Slough carries the flows of San Thomas Aquino, Calabazas, and Saratoga Creeks out into south San Francisco Bay, passing just to the east of the Sunnyvale Water Pollution Control Ponds.

The San Tomas Aquino/Saratoga Creek Trail for bicycles and pedestrians follows the creek from Monroe Street in Santa Clara to the San Francisco Bay.

Tributaries

The major tributaries of San Tomas Aquino Creek include (heading downstream) Mistletoe, Wildcat (and its Vasona sub-tributary), and Smith.

Smith Creek is a headwaters tributary of San Tomas Aquino Creek, but is largely dry except during the winter months. It begins in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains within the city of Monte Sereno, then flows northerly through portions of Los Gatos and Campbell until its confluence with San Tomas Aquino Creek.

San Tomas Aquino Creek flows into Saratoga Creek south of Highway 101, near Monroe Street in Santa Clara. Historically, San Tomas Aquino Creek was a tributary of Saratoga Creek and its water were carried directly to the Guadalupe River, but when the latter was redirected from Guadalupe Slough to Alviso Slough to facilitate navigation, Saratoga Creek, carrying waters from its San Tomas Aquino Creek tributary, was extended directly to Guadalupe Slough at Sunnyvale Baylands Park in Sunnyvale.

Vasona Creek is a short creek that runs through West Valley College and joins Wildcat Creek just before the latter reaches San Tomas Aquino Creek. With $570,000 in grants from the Santa Clara Valley Water District, the one mile section of Vasona Creek running through the college campus has undergone restoration since 2011, repairing deep channel incision and restoring riparian vegetation.

Habitat and wildlife

In 1898 John Otterbein Snyder collected steelhead trout (then Salmo irideus Gibbons) specimens in Campbell Creek (now Saratoga Creek, a tributary of San Tomas Aquino Creek). A 1985 California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) survey of Saratoga Creek noted "a major steelhead and king salmon spawning area" on San Tomas Aquino Creek located approximately 200 yards downstream of the Saratoga and San Tomas Aquino creeks confluence. Stream resident coastal rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) persist in the Saratoga Creek watershed but anadromous steelhead cannot run up from the Bay because of a barrier at the confluence of San Tomas Aquino Creek and Saratoga Creek that prevents their passage upstream. Recent genetic analysis has shown that the San Tomas Aquino watershed trout are of native origin and not hatchery stock.

Leidy (2007) identified the native fishes in San Tomas Aquino Creek as Hitch (Lavinia exilicauda), California roach (Lavinia symmetricus), Sacramento sucker (Catostomus occidentalis occidentalis), Three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), rainbow trout (Oncohrynchus mykiss irideus) and possibly Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Although the latter had been considered now absent from the watershed, in mid-October, 1996, Roger Castillo, the founder of the Salmon and Steelhead Restoration Group, recovered a giant Chinook salmon from San Tomas Aquino Creek beneath Highway 237 (see photo). Non-native fishes include Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus), Golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas), and Western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).

References

References

1. {{cite gnis. 253720. El Sereno Summit
2. {{gnis. 232477. San Tomas Aquinas Creek
3. Durham, David L.. (1998). "California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State". Word Dancer Press.
4. Erwin Gustav Gudde. (1974). "California Place Names". University of California Press.
5. (2002). "Historic spots in California". Stanford University Press.
6. "San Tomas Aquino Watershed".
7. "San Tomas Aquino/Saratoga Creek Trail in the City of Santa Clara". City of Santa Clara, California.
8. "Middle Guadalupe Slough Watershed Map". Oakland Museum of California.
9. U.S. Geological Survey. Los Gatos Quadrangle [map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Washington, D.C.
10. U.S. Geological Survey. San Jose West Quadrangle [map]. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Washington, D.C.
11. "Lower Guadalupe Slough Watershed Map". Oakland Museum of California.
12. (1876). "Historical Atlas of Santa Clara County California". Thompson & West.
13. {{cite gnis. 255192. Vasona Creek
14. Sheila Sanchez. (2011-10-23). "West Valley College Begins Vasona Creek Restoration". Los Gatos Patch.
15. John Otterbein Snyder, United States Bureau of Fisheries. (1905). "Notes on the fishes of the streams flowing into San Francisco Bay, California in Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries to the Secretary of Commerce and Labor for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1904". General Printing Office.
16. (2005). "Historical Distribution and Current Status of Steelhead/Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Streams of the San Francisco Estuary, California". Center for Ecosystem Management and Restoration.
17. John Carlos Garza. (2008). "Population genetics of Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Santa Clara Valley Region, Final Report to the Santa Clara Valley Water District". Santa Clara Valley Water District.
18. Robert A. Leidy. (2007). "Ecology, Assemblage Structure, Distribution, and Status of Fishes in Streams Tributary to the San Francisco Estuary, California". San Francisco Estuary Institute.