Samarina

Location

Samarina is located on an eastern spur of Mount Smolikas, the highest of the Pindus range and the second-highest mountain in all of Greece. At an altitude of 1420 metres (4660 feet), it is considered one of the highest villages in Greece and also one of the highest in the Balkans; its height puts it among soaring settlements such as: Aetomilitsa (Densko) and Seli (Selia).

Climate

Samarina has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb) using the 0 °C isotherm, or a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb) using the -3 °C isotherm for the coldest month. Samarina experiences cold winters with high precipitation and warm, drier summers.

| access-date=14 March 2021

History

This village in the Pindos mountains with its Aromanian population enjoyed successful periods of exceptional economic growth and cultural development. On a map it was shown under the name Santa Marina. Its inhabitants tended sheep and goats and wove a woolen fabric called flokati ('nflucati, velentza), which they sold at the region's trade fairs. The people of Samarina were also involved in trade, and as muleteers they pioneered long caravans that traveled all over the Balkans. The level of culture reached by this town (it had churches, schools and a library) is evident in the excellence of its religious painting. Samarina flourished at the end of the 18th century and during the 19th. The economic success was based on a group of activities, but mostly in the cattle-breeding, the small industries, the trade and the arts.

An important account of the life of the Aromanian population of Samarina at the beginning of the 20th century is provided in a study by A.J.B. Wace and M.S. Thompson entitled Nomads of the Balkans: an account of life and customs among the Vlachs of Northern Pindus, London 1914.

The Greek folklore song "Children of Samarina" (Greek: Παιδιά απ'την Σαμαρίνα) is associated with it. It refers to local volunteers who fought and lost their lives during the Greek War of Independence against the Turks in 1821. In particular, it refers to the Messolonghi events and the heroic "Exodus of its Guards". During the exit from Messolonghi, the Macedonian Guard consisting of local volunteers from Samarina, was the vanguard of the besieged, resulting in the most casualties from the Ottomans. Samarina was also where the revolutionary Makedonomachos Arkoudas came from.

Samarina was the birthplace of Alcibiades Diamandi and Nicolaos Matussis, leaders of the Roman Legion, who promoted a local autonomous Aromanian nationalist canton during World War II called in some cases the Principality of Pindus (this name is mainly used for the events of 1917 in Samarina).

Notable people

• (1856-1906), known as kapetan Arkoudas, Makedonomachos
• Zicu Araia (1877–1948), Aromanian poet, schoolteacher and Axis collaborator
• Alcibiades Diamandi (1893–1948), Aromanian entrepreneur, politician and Axis collaborator
• Nicolaos Matussis (1899–1991), Aromanian lawyer, politician and Axis collaborator
• (1884–1958), philologist and translator
• Dimitrios Tzimas, the father of the Greek Aromanian communist politician Andreas Tzimas was from Samarina; Tzimas' nom de guerre was Vasilis Samariniotis.

Notes

References

1. "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities". [[Government Gazette (Greece).
2. Chang, Claudia. (1993). "Pastoral Transhumance in the Southern Balkans as a Social Ideology: Ethnoarcheological Research in Northern Greece". American Anthropologist.
3. (2019). "Recording and mapping traditional transhumance routes in the South-Western Macedonia, Greece". GeoJournal.
4. (2022). "Mountain landscape and human settlement in the Pindus Range: The Samarina highland zones of Western Macedonia, Greece". Land.
5. "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)". National Statistical Service of Greece.