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Salm-Salm

State of the Holy Roman Empire

Summary

State of the Holy Roman Empire

Field	Value
native_name	de
fr
conventional_long_name	County (Principality) of Salm-Salm
common_name	Salm-Salm
era	Middle Ages, Modern Age
status	Vassal
status_text	State of the Holy Roman Empire
empire	Holy Roman Empire
government_type	Principality
year_start	1574
year_end	1811
life_span	1574–1793
1802–1811
event_start	Partitioned from Salm-Dhaun
event1	Partitioned to create Salm-Neuweiler
date_event1	1608
event2	Raised to principality
date_event2	1739
event3	Annexed by France
date_event3	[[File:Flag of France.svg	30px	border	First French Republic]] →1793
event4	Granted territories from Münster, with S-Kyrburg, to create unified Salm
date_event4	1802–03 ← [[File:DEU Münster COA.svg	20px	Bishopric of Münster]]
event5	Joined the Confederation of the Rhine
date_event5	1806
event_end	Annexed by France
event_post	Mediatised to Prussia
date_post	[[File:Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia (1803-1892).svg	30px	border	Kingdom of Prussia]] →1813
p1	Salm-Dhaun
image_p1	[[File:Arms of the house of Salm-Dhaun.svg	x20px	Salm-Dhaun]]
s1	First French Empire
flag_s1	Flag of France.svg
image_flag	Flag of Salm-Salm.svg
image_coat	Arms of the house of Salm-Salm.svg
capital	Badonviller; Senones

fr 1802–1811 The Principality of Salm-Salm (; ) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire. It was located in the present-day French departments of Bas-Rhin and Vosges; it was one of a number of partitions of Salm.

History

Salm-Salm was created as a partition of Salm-Dhaun in 1574, and was raised from a County to a Principality in 1739 after being inherited and renamed by Count Nicholas Leopold of Salm-Hoogstraten. Salm-Salm was partitioned between itself and Salm-Neuweiler in 1608.

The last territorial partition occurred in 1751, when Salm-Salm reorganized its borders with the Duchy of Lorraine. From 1743 the Princes were also Dukes of Hoogstraten, with the seat at Hoogstraten Castle (Gelmelslot).

In 1790, after the French Revolution, the princes of Salm fled the territory and moved to their castle in Anholt, Westphalia, Anholt Castle. Salm-Salm then was besieged by the revolutionary army, which blocked food supplies from reaching the state. As a consequence, the population was forced to surrender to France. On 2 March 1793, the French National Convention declared Salm-Salm to be a part of the French Republic and attached it to the Department of the Vosges. This was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Lunéville of 1801.

Some years later, in 1802/1803, together with Salm-Kyrburg, the prince of Salm-Salm was granted new territories formerly belonging to the Bishops of Münster (Westphalia). The new territory was governed in union with Salm-Kyrburg and was known as the Principality of Salm.

Geography

In 1165, the original County of Salm was divided into the counties of Lower Salm, in the Ardennes, and the county of Upper Salm, situated in the Vosges mountains. In 1738, the County of Upper Salm was elevated to Principality of Salm-Salm.

The capital of Salm-Salm was first Badonviller, and from 1751 on, Senones. The second part of the name of Salm-Salm derives from Salm Castle near Salm (today La Broque).

At the end of its existence, Salm-Salm had an area of about 200 km2 and 10,000 inhabitants. It was separated from the main part of the Holy Roman Empire when most of Alsace was ceded to France in the 17th century. Until 1766, it was bordered by the Duchy of Lorraine to the west and by France to the east. After Lorraine became a part of France on 24 February 1766, Salm-Salm formed an exclave of the Holy Roman Empire surrounded by French territory.

The economy of Salm-Salm was mainly based on an iron mine near Grandfontaine.

File:Salm-map.png|County of Upper Salm (Obere Grafschaft Salm) File:Salm 1589.jpg|Salm Castle in 1589

Rulers

Princes of Salm-Salm

Counts and Princes of Salm and Salm-Salm (1574–1738)

Friedrich I, Count of Salm-Dhaun, Count of Salm-Salm 1574–1608 (1547-1608)
- Philipp Otto, Count 1608–1634 (1576-1634), created 1st Prince of Salm 1623
- Ludwig, Count and 2nd Prince 1634-1636 (1618-1636)
- Leopold Philipp Karl, Count and 3rd Prince 1636–1663 (1620-1663)
  - Karl Theodor, Count and 4th Prince 1663–1710 (1645-1710)
  - Eleonore, Married to Conrard, 1st Duke d'Ursel.
    - Charles, 2nd Duke d'Ursel (1717–1775)
  - Ludwig Otto, Count and 5th Prince 1710–1738 (1674-1738) At Ludwig Otto's death, the male line became extinct, and the county of Salm-Salm passed to descendants of Friedrich I's youngest son, Friedrich I Magnus (1606-1673). Eventually, the title Prince of Salm was assumed by his descendants as well.

Sovereign princes of Salm-Salm (1739–1813)

Princely arms of Salm-Salm

Nikolaus Leopold of Salm-Hoogstraten, 1st Prince 1739–1770 (1701-1770), great-grandson of Friedrich I Magnus (see note under Counts)
Ludwig Karl Otto, 2nd Prince 1770–1778 (1721-1778)
Prince Maximilian Friedrich Ernst of Salm-Salm (1732-1773) - Konstantin Alexander, 3rd Prince 1778–1828 (1762-1828), mediatized 1813

Mediatised princes of Salm-Salm (1813–''present'')

Konstantin Alexander, 3rd Prince 1778–1828 (1762-1828), mediatized 1813
- Florentin, 4th Prince 1828–1846 (1786-1846)
- Alfred, 5th Prince 1846–1886 (1814-1886) - Nikolaus, 6th Prince 1886–1908 (1838-1908) - Alfred, 7th Prince 1908–1923 (1846-1923)
  - Emanuel, Hereditary Prince of Salm-Salm (1871-1916)
    - Isabelle (1903-2009), one of the longest-lived members of any princely family.
    - Nikolaus Leopold, 8th Prince 1923–1988 (1906-1988), 8th Prince of Salm-Kyrburg 1951
    - Carl-Philipp, 9th Prince of Salm-Salm and of Salm-Kyrburg 1988–2024 (1933-2024), 14th Prince of Salm - Emanuel, 10th Prince of Salm-Salm and of Salm-Kyrburg 2024-present (born 1961), 15th Prince of Salm - Prince Philipp of Salm-Salm (born 1963)
      - Prince Wilhelm of Salm-Salm (born 2005) - Prince Clemens of Salm-Salm (born 1966)
  - Prince Franz Emanuel Konstantin of Salm-Salm (1876-1964)
  - Prince Franz Karl Alfred of Salm-Salm (1917-2011) - Prince Michael of Salm-Dahlberg (born 1953)
    - Prince Constantin of Salm-Dahlberg (born 1980)
    - Prince Felix of Salm-Dahlberg (born 1981) - Prince Franziskus-Hendrick of Salm-Salm (born 1963) - Prince Georg-Alfred of Salm-Salm (born 1969)
- Prince Felix of Salm-Salm (1828-1870)

References

and 1st Duke (and 10th Count) of [[Hoogstraten]] 1740-1770
"The top 10 longest-living royals in history".

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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