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Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie

Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie

FieldValue
nameSaint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie
commune statusCommune
image coat of armsBlason ville fr Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie (Vendée).svg
imageSt gilles.jpg
captionA general view of Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie
arrondissementLes Sables-d'Olonne
cantonSaint-Hilaire-de-Riez
INSEE85222
postal code85800
mayorFrançois Blanchet
term2020–2026
intercommunalityCA Pays de Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie
coordinates
elevation min m0
elevation max m28
area km210.25
population
population date
population footnotes
websiteSite

|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie (Vendée).svg

Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie () is a commune in the Vendée department, region of Pays de la Loire, western France.

It is situated on the Côte de Lumière. The community originated in 1967 from the unification of two communities on either side of the estuary of the river the Vie, Saint-Gilles-sur-Vie and Croix-de-Vie.

Known for its important fishing harbor (specializing in sardines), since 1982 Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie is also classified as a seaside resort.{{cite web |access-date=3 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012230454/http://www.stgillescroixdevie.com/TCScript/TCMagiConsultation/ecran2/ecran2.asp?NumeroClasseur=1332000003&SousClasseur=1332000003&TCRessource=Ressources_1332_st_gilles_croix_de_vie&TCTemplate=Templates_TCMagiConsultation&NumeroLangue=856000005 |archive-date=12 October 2007

History

In the ninth century, the monks of Saint-Gilles-du-Gard settled in what was then called Sidunum, a priory and a fortified church. In the Middle Ages, the city, organized around the main street (now the Rue Torterue) became an important port, capable of accommodating ships with a capacity of one hundred tons.

Croix-de-Vie appeared on the right bank of the Vie, when the Duke of Montausier granted Saint-Gilles plots of land on the "small island" so they could build their homes. In 1610, Marie Beaucaire built the large pier and the wharf and then a chapel from 1611 to 1613. This building was used for worship until the construction of Sainte-Croix Church in 1896 which is used today.

In 1622, King Louis XIII spent dinner one night in Croix de Vie, in a mansion located what is now in General de Gaulle street.

During the War in the Vendée from 1793 to 1796, puis la tentative de soulèvement durant les Cent-Jours en 1815, la Vie matérialise l'opposition entre les adversaires (blancs) et les partisans (bleus) de la Révolution française de 1789 : les marins et autres personnes de condition modeste de Croix-de-Vie sont des royalistes tandis que les négociants et armateurs de Saint-Gilles-sur-Vie intègrent plutôt le camp républicain avant de soutenir Napoléon Bonaparte.

À partir des premiers bains de mer au début des années 1860, le tourisme va progressivement devenir une activité importante au sein de Saint-Gilles-sur-Vie et Croix-de-Vie. Le premier établissement de bains de mer est bâti côté Saint-Gilles en , un an après les premiers baignades sur la plage de « La Garenne de Retz ». Les premières villas sont construites en retrait de la mer près de la « grande plage » et au niveau de la corniche à deux pas de la « plage de Boisvinet » côté Croix-de-Vie.

Although Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie was three hours from Nantes and ten hours from Paris, the development of railways from the 1880s increasingly allowed holidaymakers to reach the seaside town. A trade union initiative was created in 1922. L'instauration en des premiers congés payés après l'arrivée au pouvoir du Front populaire va encore doper cette activité touristique. Interrompue pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle reprend de plus belle à partir de l'été 1946, notamment via le succès du camping.

On 23 January 1967, Saint-Gilles-sur-Vie and Croix-de-Vie merged to create the new municipality of Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie. The fusion was the idea of Marcel Ragon and Charles Grasset. Ragon became the first mayor of the new municipality while the latter, who had served as deputy mayor of Croix-de-Vie from March 1965 until December 1966, went on to serve under Ragon as deputy mayor of the new municipality until 1995.

In 1982, Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie was classified as a resort.

Geography

Location

Location of the canton of Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie (in red) within the Vendée.

Situated on the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean, along the côte de Lumière about 70 kilometres from Nantes, 320 from Bordeaux, 450 from Paris and 600 from Lyon, Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie covers an area of 10.3 square kilometres.

It is bordered by the communes of Saint-Hilaire-de-Riez to the north, Le Fenouiller to the north east, Givrand to the southeast, and Bretignolles-sur-Mer to the south. Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie station has rail connections to Sainte-Pazanne and Nantes.

It was the chef-lieu of the former canton of Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie, which had an area of hectares and contained 14 communes: L'Aiguillon-sur-Vie, Brem-sur-Mer, Bretignolles-sur-Mer, La Chaize-Giraud, Coëx, Commequiers, Le Fenouiller, Givrand, Landevieille, Notre-Dame-de-Riez, Saint-Hilaire-de-Riez, Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie, Saint-Maixent-sur-Vie and Saint-Révérend.

Climate

The meteorological measurements began in 1877 in Saint-Gilles.

The climate of the Vendée department is oceanic. The coast experiences significant rainfall in winter and a few storms. Under the influence of the Atlantic Ocean, the climate is cool in summer. However, the Vendée is one of the sunniest departments of France in terms of the energy received, with 1268 kWh per m2 per year.

Population

|1968 |6178 |1975 |6725 |1982 |6159 |1990 |6296 |1999 |6797 |2007 |7260 |2012 |7409 |2017 |7655

Culture

Religion

Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie church (1896)

The town has two Catholic churches (one on either side of the river), the churches of Saint-Gilles et Sainte-Croix. Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie is part of the diocese of Luçon, which is part of the ecclesiastical province of Rennes.{{cite web |access-date = 4 August 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090621075411/http://www.eglise.catholique.fr/ressources-annuaires/guide-de-leglise/dioceses-et-paroisses/lucon/diocese-de-lucon.html |archive-date = 21 June 2009 |url-status = dead |access-date = 4 August 2009}} The latter, Notre Dame de la Vie, has four bell towers—in the churches of Saint-Gilles and Sainte-Croix, as well as those of Fenouiller and Givrand.

In the middle of the sixteenth century, a protestant church was founded in Saint-Gilles-sur-Vie; it was destroyed in November 1665, as one of seventeen protestant churches in the Bas-Poitou, the region that corresponds to today's Vendée.{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726020232/http://www.eglise-reformee-vendee-ouest.org/article.php3?id_article=132 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2011 |access-date=4 August 2009

The Brotherhood of the Sardine

The Brotherhood of the Sardine (Confrérie de la Sardine) was founded in 1991. Headed by a grandmaster, it is devoted to the promotion of the seaside resort and the celebration of products from the sea, especially the sardine, which has become a speciality of Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie.{{cite web |access-date = 3 August 2009}} Notable "sympathizers" include sailor Michel Desjoyeaux, actress Isabel Otero, and the former Prime Minister of France François Fillon.{{cite web |access-date = 3 August 2009 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090722074508/http://crise.blog.lemonde.fr/2009/07/19/la-confrerie-de-la-sardine-vrp-benevole |archive-date = 22 July 2009

Companies

  • Beneteau – boat manufacturer, founded in 1884 in Croix-de-Vie

Personalities

  • Marcel Baudouin (1860–1941) -physician
  • Narcisse Pelletier (1844–1894) -castaway
  • Benjamin Bénéteau, founder of the commune in 1884.
  • Marie de Beaucaire (1535–1613), Baronness of Rié. Did much to facilitate development into a town.,.
  • Pierre Desproges (1939–1988), comedian
  • Pierre Garcie-Ferrande, (1430–1520) cartographer.
  • Charles Atamian (1872–1947) -painter, painted many scenes of the Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie shore.
  • Émile Goué (1904–1946), composer, composed Wanda (1934) situated in Croix-de-Vie.

References

References

  1. (2 December 2020). "Répertoire national des élus: les maires".
  2. (2008). "Le Petit Futé Vendée". Petit Futé.
  3. Tartois, Bernad. "Balade hivernale le long des côtes vendéennes".
  4. "Historique de la Vendée". SPLAF.
  5. (October 2010). "Nécrologie : Charles Grasset, ancien maire adjoint – Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie". Ouest-France.
  6. {{in lang. fr [http://www.stgillescroixdevie.com/html_st_gilles_croix_de_vie/fr/plan_d_acces.htm « Venir à Saint Gilles Croix de Vie »] {{webarchive. link. (24 December 2007)
  7. [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-85222 Commune de Saint-Gilles-Croix-de-Vie (85222)], INSEE
  8. {{in lang. fr [http://www.vendee.fr/datas/tch/cartesdescantonsetdescommunes.pdf « Carte des cantons et communes du département de la Vendée »] {{webarchive. link. (30 August 2012 (PDF) on the site of the [[Conseil général de la Vendée]], consulté le 2 juillet 2009)
  9. {{in lang. link. (23 November 2008 on the site of the Maison des communes de Vendée, consulté le 2 juillet 2009)
  10. {{in lang. fr Catherine Corbin et Franck Baraer ([[Météo-France]]), [http://www.marais-breton-baie-bourgneuf.com/sage/iso_album/etude_des_conditions_climatiques_de_la_baie_de_bourgneuf.pdf « Étude des conditions climatiques de la Baie de Bourgneuf »] {{webarchive. link. (9 October 2007 (PDF) sur le site officiel de l'association pour le développement du bassin versant de la Baie de Bourgneuf, mars 2003, p.4 et 30)
  11. {{in lang. fr Alliance Soleil, [http://www.vendee.fr/datas/tch/RESUME%20solaire%20FINAL%20Louineau.pdf « Étude du potentiel vendéen et des applications possibles de l'énergie solaire thermique et photovoltaïque »] {{webarchive. link. (16 July 2011 (PDF) sur le site officiel du Conseil général de la Vendée, février 2007, p.5-6)
  12. [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-85222#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE
  13. (January 2018). "Horaires des Messes". Notre Dame de la Vie.
  14. Orthographe de [[Saint-Hilaire-de-Riez]] au XVIIe
  15. {{in lang. fr Grand Dictionnaire des femmes de l'Ancienne France, [http://www.siefar.org/DictionnaireHC/HCMariedeMercoeur.html « MARIE DE LUXEMBOURG DUCHESSE DE MERCOEUR et de Penthevre, Princesse de Martigues »] {{webarchive. link. (5 April 2008 sur le site officiel de l'association des société internationale pour l'étude des femmes de l'Ancien Régime, consulté le 15 juillet 2009)
  16. {{in lang. fr Philippe Gilbert, [http://www.lessablesdolonne.maville.com/actu/actudet_-La-legende-vendeenne-de-Pierre-Desproges-_dep-617523_actu.Htm « La légende vendéenne de Pierre Desproges »] sur lessablesdolonne.maville.com (''[[Ouest-France]]''), 18 avril 2008
  17. {{in lang. link. (29 November 2008 , ''le Journal de la Vendée'', Conseil général de Vendée, octobre 2007)
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