Saccharomyces kudriavzevii

Etymology

“Kudriavzevii” was named in honor of VI Kudriavzev, a Russian scientist who worked with yeast taxonomy and ecology, and also played a large role in introducing the wild strain of S. paradoxus into science.

Other names include:

· S. kudriavzevii is the common scientific name

· Pinot Noir yeast

History

Saccharomyces kudriavzevii was initially isolated from decayed leaf (Kaneko & Banno, 1991) but is often isolated from bark of oak trees.

Description

The species belongs to the Saccharomyces genus and can be isolated from a variety of substrates and is unique in that it cannot live on galactose and is cryotolerant.

Biology

Ecology

It has mainly been isolated from the leaves and bark of oak trees. Optimal growth for many yeasts occurs at 30 – 35 °C, but S. kudriavzevii is adapted to grow at much colder temperatures. Two related wild populations have been found, one in Europe, and one in Asia, but it has never been isolated on other continents.

Hybridization

Many species within the Saccharomyces sensu stricto clade have been found to hybridize with other species, S. kudriavzevii included. In particular, it hybridizes with S. cerevisiae. This hybridization is unique in that it likely resulted from a single hybridization event involving creation of chimeric chromosomes holding some S. kudriavzevii genes and some S. cerevisiae genes.

In biological research

The hybridization tendencies of S. kudriavzevii have potential for use in investigation regarding yeast evolution, which is commonly used as a model system for evolution in general. Research on S. kudriavzevii has offered insights on how yeast evolve to survive in new environments and also how they hybridize to form new species.

Uses

S. kudriavzevii is commonly used in production of alcoholic beverages such as pinot noir wine. It can be hybridized with S. cerevisiae and such hybrids are widely used in traditional Belgian beer brewing.

References

References

1. Naumov, G I. (September 2000). "Three new species in the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex: Saccharomyces cariocanus, Saccharomyces kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces mikatae.". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.
2. Sampaio, J. P., & Gonçalves, P. (2008). Natural populations of Saccharomyces kudriavzevii in Portugal are associated with oak bark and are sympatric with S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus. ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'', ''74''(7), 2144–52. {{doi. 10.1128/AEM.02396-07
3. Hittinger, C. T. (2013). Saccharomyces diversity and evolution: a budding model genus. ''Trends in Genetics'', ''29''(5), 309–317. {{doi. 10.1016/j.tig.2013.01.002
4. (2020-03-20). "An update on the diversity, ecology and biogeography of the Saccharomyces genus". FEMS Yeast Research.
5. Belloch, C., Pérez-Torrado, R., González, S. S., JoseE, P.-O., García-Martínez, J., Querol, A., & Barrio, E. (2009). Chimeric genomes of natural hybrids Of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii. ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'', ''75''(8), 2534–2544. {{doi. 10.1128/AEM.02282-08
6. Botstein, D., Chervitz, S. a, & Cherry, J. M. (1997). Yeast as a model organism. ''Science'', ''277''(5330), 1259–1260. {{doi. 10.1126/science.277.5330.1259
7. Bing, J., Han, P.-J., Liu, W.-Q., Wang, Q.-M., & Bai, F.-Y. (2014). Evidence for a Far East Asian origin of lager beer yeast. ''Current Biology'', ''24''(10), R380–R381. {{doi. 10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.031
8. (2019-10-21). "Interspecific hybridization facilitates niche adaptation in beer yeast". Nature Ecology & Evolution.