Skip to content
Surf Wiki
Save to docs
sports

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Rosario derby

Argentine football rivalry


Summary

Argentine football rivalry

FieldValue
wide250
nameRosario derby
image1982 Rosario Central 2-Newell's 1.png
image_size250
captionScene of the match played on April 25, 1982
team1logo[[File:Rosario Central shield.jpg70px]]
team2logo[[File:Escudo del Club Atlético Newell's Old Boys de Rosario.svg40px]]
team1Rosario Central
team2Newell's Old Boys
other_names
sportAssociation football
city_or_regionRosario
firstmeeting18 June 1905
(Newell's 1–0 R. Central)
mostrecent23 August 2025
(R.Central 1-0 Newell's)
stadiumsGigante Arroyito (R. Central)
Marcelo Bielsa (Newell's)
total280
most_winsRosario Central (98)
most_player_appearancesJosé J. González (45)
top_scorerManuel González (30)
largestvictoryNewell's 0–9 R. Central
(Copa Vila, 29 Jul 1917)
map_location
map_label1
map_label2
map_label3
map_label4

(Newell's 1–0 R. Central) (R.Central 1-0 Newell's) Marcelo Bielsa (Newell's) (Copa Vila, 29 Jul 1917) The Rosario derby ("Clásico Rosarino") is the oldest and one of the most fiercely contested football rivalries in Argentine football.

It is played between the two main teams from Rosario, Newell's Old Boys and Rosario Central. It is widely regarded as the most important Argentine derby outside of Buenos Aires and the Buenos Aires Province.

History

The first Rosario derby was played on June 18, 1905; it resulted in a 1–0 win for Newell's Old Boys with a goal from Faustino González.

The clubs continued to play each other in the "Liga Rosarina de Fútbol" for many years. In 1939 the two clubs were admitted to the Argentine Primera, and the first game at this level resulted in a 1–1 draw on June 18, 1939.

Experts claim that the Mexican Monterrey derby holds similarities with the Rosario derby. The teams are crosstown rivals from cities away from the capital and have very passionate fans.

Rosario Central has the edge over Newell's, with 98 wins compared to 77 counting every official encounter. Rosario also has more trophies, with 36 against 25, although Newell's has won the league title six times, one more than Rosario Central.

Nicknames

The teams' nicknames relate from the incident where Rosario Central refused to play a charity game for a leprosy charity, hence their nickname "Canallas' (Scoundrels). Newell's Old Boys stepped in to play the game and earned the nickname "Los Leprosos" (The Lepers).

List of matches

Primera División

#SeasonRoundVenueWinnerScoreGoals (home team)Goals (away team)
119391Newell's(Draw)Perucca (55')Barrios (65')
219392R. Central(Draw)Grassi (69')Pairoux (52')
319401Newell'sR. CentralGómez (27')Heredia (43'), Maffei (51'), E. Hayes (89')
419402R. CentralNewell'sFerreyra (22'), Dorado (63')
519411R. CentralNewell'sPontoni (6')
619412Newell'sNewell'sMorosano (35', 38', 75'), Pontoni (68', 76')
719431Newell'sR. CentralFunes (62)
819432R. Central(Draw)Reynoso (47')Fiore (6')
919441R. CentralNewell'sFunes (57')Ferreyra (26'), Cirico (59'), Fiore (82')
1019442Newell's(Draw)Pontoni (67')Olivares (40')
1119451R. CentralR. CentralAguirre (36'), Santos (73')Ferreyra (26'), Cirico (59'), Fiore (82')
1219452Newell'sNewell'sRunzer (36')
1319461Newell'sNewell'sRunzer (54', 71'), Buján (56')Geronis (2'), Aguirre (80')
1419462R. CentralR. CentralGeronis (36', 45'), Santos (57')Moyano (1', 43')
1519471Newell'sNewell'sMoyano (19'), Toledo (23'), López (39'), Benavídez (64')Hohberg (12'), Pérez (85')
1619472R. Central(Draw)Santos (60')Medina (42')
1719481Newell'sNewell'sGiosa (38'), Moyano (88')
1819482Newell'sR. CentralLa Spina (2', 61'), Cazaubón (4')Peloso (16'), Alarcón (73')
1919491R. CentralNewell'sBravo (13', 57')Benavídez (6', 46', 71')
2019492Newell's(Draw)Benavídez (53'), Contini (90')Vilariño (10'), Bravo (25')
2119501Newell'sR. CentralContini (3', 39'), Montaño (68')L'Epíscopo (6', 78'), Aguirre (25', 61')
2219502R. Central(Draw)Aguirre (12')Mardiza (34')
2319521R. Central(Draw)
2419522Newell'sR. CentralGauna (50'), Portaluppi (52')
2519531Newell'sR. CentralCarranza (19')Gauna (11', 44', 82')
2619532R. Central(Draw)
2719541R. CentralR. CentralFiore (5'), L'Epíscopo (69')
2819542Newell'sNewell'sBernardo (28', 63'), Belén (79')Massei (34'), Gauna (84')
2919551R. Central(Draw)Massei (14')Ramaciotti (69')
3019552Newell'sR. CentralBellotti (7')Appicciafuocco (19'), Massei (28')
3119561Newell'sNewell'sBiagioli (7', o.g.), Nardiello (58')
3219562R. CentralNewell'sGiménez (13')Belén (55'), Pereyra (75')
3319571Newell's(Draw)Berón (66')Juárez (46')
3419572R. CentralR. CentralMottura (8'), Giménez (34'), Juárez (53')Yudica (52')
3519581Newell's(Draw)Griffa (19')Galván (77, o.g.)
3619582R. CentralR. CentralCastro (67')
3719591R. Central(Draw)
3819592Newell'sNewell'sSacchi (47')
3919601Newell'sNewell'sZurita (46'), Sacchi (48'), Lallana (72', 89'), Sosa (79')Cardoso (5'), Rodrígues (25', 73')
4019602R. CentralR. CentralCastro (42'), F. Rodrígues (55'), A. Rodrígues (62'), Pagani (89')Muñoz (22')
4119641Newell'sR. CentralMalleo (2', 85'), Borgogno (20'), Medina (60')
4219642R. Central(Draw)Manfredi (60', 70')Da Silva Zucca (9'), João Cardoso (23')
4319651Newell'sNewell'sBelén (80')
4419652R. CentralNewell'sJoão Cardoso (62')
4519661R. Central(Draw)
4619662Newell'sR. CentralPignani (5'), Poy (80')
471967 Met.1R. CentralR. CentralBielli (74')
481967 Met.2Newell'sR. CentralAvallay (41')Giribet (17'), Poy (32')
491968 Met.1R. Central(Draw)Miranda (6')Fernández (27')
501968 Met.2Newell's(Draw)Mesiano (13')Fernández (26')
5119691R. Central(Draw)Enzo Gennoni (14'), Pacheco (75')Montes (47'), Avallay (71')
5219692Newell's(Draw)
531969Clasif.Newell'sNewell'sAvallay (50')
541969Reclasif.Newell's(Draw)Bezerra (30'), Ramírez (37')Gramajo (15'), Castronovo (47')
551969Reclasif.R. Central(Draw)
561970 Met.1Newell's(Draw)Obberti (55')Gramajo (27')
571970 Nac.1R. CentralR. CentralPoy (4', 34'), Gramajo (57')Obberti (88')
581970 Nac.2Newell'sR. CentralBustos (2', 27'), Gramajo (53', 79')Martins (70')
591971 Met.1R. Central(Draw)Bóveda (10'), Poy (49')Zanabria (24'), Fanesi (41' o.g.)
601971 Met.2Newell'sR. CentralSolórzano (57')Pascuttini (30'), Colman (80')
611971 Nac.1Newell's(Draw)
621971 Nac.Semif.River PlateR. CentralPoy (54')
631972 Met1Newell'sNewell'sMendoza (73')
641972 Met2R. Central(Draw)
651972 Nac1Newell'sNewell'sRocha (14')
661973 Met1R. CentralR. CentralJara (24' o.g.), Aricó (44'), Pascuttini (57'), Rodríguez (60')D. Marangoni (63')
671973 Met2Newell'sR. CentralAimar (11')
681973 Nac1Newell's(Draw)Cerqueiro (23')Cabral (13')
691974 Met1Newell'sNewell'sSantamaría (17', 39'), Zanabria (25'), Berta (54')Cabral (41'), Aimar (46')
701974 Met2R. CentralR. CentralAimar (5'), Cabral (12') Bóveda (48')
711974 Met3R. Central(Draw)Arias (45'), Aimar (69')Capurro (71'), Zanabria (81')
721974 Nac1Newell's(Draw)
731974 Nac2R. Central(Draw)
741974 Nac3Newell's(Draw)
751974 Lig.1R. CentralR. CentralKempes (28'), Cabral (80')
761975 Met2Newell's(Draw)Valdano (34')Carril (58')
771975 Met2R. Central(Draw)Pascuttini (62')Robles (14')
781975 Nac2R. CentralR. CentralKempes (4', 32', 66')
791975 Nac2Newell's(Draw)Robles (69')Kempes (84')
801976 Met1Newell's(Draw)Palacios (28')Peña (47')
811976 Met2Atlanta(Draw)Romero (84')Robles (74')
821976 Met3R. Central(Draw)
831976 Nac1R. Central(Draw)Pascuttini (53')Irigoyen (28')
841976 Nac2Newell'sNewell'sRocha (10'), Moyano (18')
851977 Met1R. Central(Draw)Benito (69')Robles (20')
861977 Met2Newell'sNewell'sMontes (13'), Sánchez (87')Agüero (25')
871978 Met1R. CentralR. CentralAimar (51'), Trama (60'), Coullery (85')Robles (77')
881978 Met2Newell'sNewell'sGallego (9'), Alfaro (33'), Sánchez (50')Trama (31')
891979 Nac1R. Central(Draw)Orte (15'), Trama (43')Ramos (30'), Petti (47')
901979 Nac2Newell'sR. CentralBauza (27')
911980 Met1R. CentralNewell'sAlfaro (51'), Yazalde (52', 89')
921980 Met2Newell'sR. CentralGarcía (47')
931980 Nac1Newell'sNewell'sTalavera (66')
941980 Nac2R. CentralR. CentralMarchetti (10', 27')Yazalde (16')
951980 NacSemifR. CentralR. CentralGhielmetti (33'), Gaitán (39'), Marchetti (71')
961980 NacSemifNewell'sNewell'sSantamaría (39')
971981 Met1Newell'sNewell'sKiller (29'), Santamaría (21'), Bulleri (80')
981981 Met2R. Central(Draw)
991981 Nac1R. CentralR. CentralBauza (57', 59'), Iglesias (65')Petti (7')
1001981 Nac2Newell's(Draw)Santamaría (44')Bauza (14')
1011982 Nac1Newell'sNewell'sSantamaría (68', 77')Chazarreta (36')
1021982 Nac2R. CentralR. CentralBauza (19', 87')Santamaría (44')
1031982 Met1Newell's(Draw)Ramos (31')Bauza (68')
1041982 Met2R. Central(Draw)González (36')Santamaría (67')
1051983 Nac1Newell's(Draw)
1061983 Nac2R. CentralR. CentralCampagna (71'), SScalise (86')
1071983 Met1R. CentralR. CentralScalise (6'), A. Killer (21')Ramos (84')
1081983 Met2Newell's(Draw)Ramos (42'), Ciraolo (79', 81')Reinaldi (37'), González (55'), Scalise (57')
1091984 Met1Newell'sNewell'sSantillán (12'), Dezotti (70')González (80')
1101984 Met2R. Central(Draw)
1111986–871R. Central(Draw)
1121986–872Newell's(Draw)
1131987–881R. CentralR. CentralScalise (48')
1141987–882Newell'sNewell'sDezotti (22')
1151988–891Newell's
1161988–892R. CentralR. CentralCuffaro Russo (72'), Bauza (89')J.J. Rossi (74')
1171988–89LiguillaR. Central(Draw)Escudero (83')Martino (46')
1181988–89LiguillaR. CentralNewell'sLlop (9' o.g.), Pizzi (62'), Bauza (88')Taffarel (33', 49'), Batistuta (52', 90'), Ramos (83')
1191989–901Newell's(Draw)Ariel Cozzoni (24', 64')Uliambre (75'), Gasparini (80')
1201989–902R. Central
1211990–911R. CentralNewell'sBisconti (45', 79', 89')Gamboa (16'), Zamora (39'), Ruffini (46'), Sáez (87')
1221990–912Newell'sNewell'sPochettino (21'), Cozzoni (41', 85'), Garfagnoli (78')
1231991–921R. CentralR. CentralDelgado (22')
1241991–922Newell'sNewell'sDomizzi (10')
1251992–931R. CentralR. CentralJ.L. Rodríguez (67'), Galloni (73')Lunari (30')
1261992–932Newell's(Draw)Berizzo (25')J.L. Rodríguez (89')
1271993–941Newell's(Draw)Gabrich (15')A. Rossi (10')
1281993–942R. Central(Draw)
1291994–951R. Central(Draw)
1301994–952Newell's(Draw)Biagini (22')Scotto (87')
1311995–961R. CentralR. CentralCarbonari (27'), Palma (63')
1321995–962Newell'sNewell'sGabrich (29'), Marioni (54')
1331996–971R. Central(Draw)Facciuto (20')Gerk (9')
1341996–972Newell's(Draw)
1351997–981R. CentralR. CentralDa Silva (2'), Coudet (35'), Carracedo (45'), Carbonari (60')
1361997–982Newell's(Draw
1371998–991R. Central(Draw)Rivarola (53')Zamora (36')
1381998–992Newell'sNewell'sCrosa (8'), Real (21', 47'), Saldaña (53')?
1391999–001Newell's(Draw)Real (65')E. González (50')
1401999–002R. Central(Draw)Pizzi (38')Fuentes (79')
1412000–011Newell's(Draw)
1422000–012R. CentralNewell'sPierucci (19')Pavlovich (18'), Saldaña (86')
1432001–021Newell's(Draw)Pavlovich (51')Encina (5')
1442001–022R. Central(Draw)
1452002–031Newell'sR. CentralFigueroa (40'), Arriola (87')
1462002–032R. CentralR. CentralFigueroa (39'), Messera (58'), Delgado (84')
1472003–041Newell's(Draw)Patiño (52')Talamonti (77')
1482003–042R. Central(Draw)
1492004–051R. CentralNewell'sMaidana (76')
1502004–052Newell's(Draw)
1512005–061Newell'sNewell'sOrtega (p. 54'), Garay (71')Rivarola (45')
1522005–062R. Central(Draw)
1532006–071R. CentralR. CentralCoudet (18'), Wanchope (36'), Ruben (45'), Kily González (p. 79')(48')
1542006–072Newell'sNewell'sCardozo (68')
1552007–081Newell'sR. CentralArzuaga (p. 73')
1562007–082R. CentralNewell'sSalcedo (41')
1572008–091Newell'sNewell'sSchiavi (p. 21')
1582008–092R. Central(Draw)Zelaya (80')Formica (66')
1592009–101Newell's(Draw)Boghossian (15'), Achucarro (27')Núñez (11'), Chitzoff (12')
1602009–102R. Central(Draw)Braghieri (2')Schiavi (p. 15')
1612013–141R. CentralR. CentralDonatti (11'), Encina (29')Rodríguez (15')
1622013–142Newell'sR. CentralNiell (47')
16320141R. CentralR. CentralNiell (29'), Domínguez (37')
16420151Newell'sR. CentralRuben (68')
16520152R. Central(Draw)
16620161R. CentralR. CentralLarrondo (56'), Ruben (90'+1')
16720162Newell's(Draw)
1682016–171R. CentralNewell'sM. Rodríguez (90+3')
1692016–172Newell'sR. CentralCarrizo (10'), Ruben (31') Herrera (90'+1')Formica (89')
1702017–181R. CentralR. CentralG. Herrera (2')
1712018–191Newell's(Draw)
1722019–201Central(Draw)Riaño (68')Lema (66')
17320211Newell's(Draw)N. Castro (60')D. Martínez (53')
17420221R. CentralR. CentralVeliz (45'+1')
17520231Newell's(Draw)
17620241R. CentralR. CentralF.Mallo (84')
17720251Newell'sR. CentralEver BanegaDuarte, Campaz
17820251R. CentralR. CentralA. Di María (82')

;Notes

National cups

#150pxYear50pxCupRound100pxVenue100pxWinner50pxScore300pxGoals (H)300pxGoals (A)
11909Copa Honor MCBA1R. CentralNewell'sHayes (35') Vázquez (75')Manuel González (20', 60', 70')
21911Copa Honor MCBA1R. CentralNewell'sGreenViale (2)
31912Copa Honor MCBA1R. CentralNewell's
41916Copa Honor MCBA1R. CentralR. CentralJosé Laiolo (3), Bianco (2), E. Hayes (2), Ramírez
51918Copa Jockey Club1Newell'sR. CentralBadalini (14')H. Hayes (22', 67') Blanco (52')
61918Copa Honor MCBA1Newell'sNewell'sBadalini (2), Fraccia
71933Copa Beccar Varela1Newell'sR. CentralGarcía (1')
81946Copa Británica1Newell'sR. CentralFerreyra (52'), Runzer (53')Marracino (57', 85'), Aguirre (80'), Pérez (89')
91969Copa Argentina1R. Central(Draw)
101969Copa Argentina2Newell'sR. CentralBezerra (5'), Martinoli (37')Griguol (8'), Gennoni (27'), Castronovo (85')
111970Copa Argentina1R. CentralR. CentralBalbuena (22')
121970Copa Argentina2Newell's(Draw)
131993Copa Centenario AFA1Newell'sNewell'sGaray (36'), Calcaterra (42')
141993Copa Centenario AFA2R. CentralNewell'sCastagno Suárez (70')
152018Copa Argentina1ArsenalR. CentralHerrera (63'), Zampedri (68')Torres (90'+4')
162021Copa LPF1R. CentralR. CentralRuben (17'), Ferreyra (61'), Martínez Dupuy (80')
172022Copa LPF1R. CentralNewell'sGarcía (50')
182023Copa LPF1R. CentralR. CentralMalcorra (86')
192024Copa LPF1Newell'sR. CentralMalcorra (57')

Statistics

Matches by association

CompetitionPeriodPlayedRC winsDrawsNOB wins
Primera División1939–pres.178567743
Copa de Honor MCBA1909–185114
Copa Jockey Club19181100
Copa Beccar Varela19331100
Copa de Competencia Británica1946–482200
Copa Argentina1969–pres.5320
Copa Centenario AFA1993–942002
Copa de la Liga Profesional2021–pres.4301
CompetitionPeriodPlayedRC winsDrawsNOB wins
Copa Libertadores1975–pres.3120
Copa Sudamericana20052110
CompetitionPeriodPlayedRC winsDrawsNOB wins
Copa Santiago Pinasco1905–064022
Copa Nicasio Vila1907–304319915
Copa Damas de Caridad (LRF)1910–162101
Copa Estímulo (LRF)1922–273111
Trofeo Luciano Molinas1931–3817368
Torneo Preparación1934–364310
Torneo Ivancich1937-382200
CompetitionPeriodPlayedRC winsDrawsNOB wins
Copa Prov. Santa Fe2016–pres.2020

Total numbers

Assoc./LeaguesPeriod.MatchesRC winsDrawsNOB wins
Rosarian1905–3875291927
AFA1939–pres.198677950
CONMEBOL1960–pres.5230
Total2809810377

;Notes

Top scorers

PlayerGoals
Manuel González30
Eduardo Gómez16
José Viale11
Santiago Santamaría9
PlayerGoals
Harry Hayes21
Ennis Hayes9
Edgardo Bauza9
Mario Kempes7

Since the clubs joined the AFA league system in 1939 the top scorers are Edgardo Bauza (Central) and Santiago Santamaría (Newell's), with 9 each.

Most appearances

PlayerMatch.
Santiago Santamaría31
Mario Zanabria31
Manuel González27
PlayerMatch.
Jorge José González45
José Pascuttini38
Harry Hayes26

Biggest wins

PeriodYearResultCompetit.
1905–3819127-0 (A)Copa Nicasio Vila
1939–19415-0 (H)Primera División
PeriodYearResultCompetit.
1905–3819179-0 (H)Copa Nicasio Vila
1939–19644-0 (A)Primera División
19974-0 (H)

Most consecutive wins

EraHome/AwayPeriodWins
1905–1938General1909–1210
Home1909–126
Away1909–125
1939–presentGeneral1940–413
Home1945–484
Away1940–412
EraHome/AwayPeriodWins
1905–1938General1914–191811
Home1914–19185
Away1914–19186
1939–presentGeneral2022-present5
Home2022-present4
Away1950–19533

Unbeaten runs

EraHome/AwayPeriodMatch.
1905–1938General1929–193312
Home1918–193318
Away1929–19336
1939–presentGeneral1998–20029
Home1980–200127
Away1939–19445
EraHome/AwayPeriodMatch.
1905–1938General1914–191811
Home1914–19259
Away1914–19186
1939–presentGeneral1974–197617
Home1966–198020
Away1966–197110

Titles

CompetitionR. CentralNewell's
Primera División56
National cups73
Official international cups10
Rosario region2216
Santa Fe region10
Total3625

;Notes

Newell's Old Boys highlights

  • June 18, 1905: Won 1–0 in the first Rosario derby of all history.
  • August 8, 1909: Won 3–2 to record their 10th straight win over Rosario Central.
  • July 28, 1912: Won 0–7 to record the biggest ever away win in the Rosario derby.
  • October 20, 1912: Manuel Lito González scored all 5 goals in a 5–3 win.
  • October 12, 1941: Won 5–0 to record the biggest win in the Rosario derby since the start of the professional era of Argentine football.
  • June 2, 1974: Newell's won their first ever title by coming from 2-0 down at half time to record the draw they needed to win the Metropolitano 1974.

Rosario Central highlights

  • August 2, 1908: Won 9–3 in the highest scoring derby, with 5 goals from Corti.
  • May 25, 1914: Harry Hayes scored a hat-trick to help Rosario Central win 6–2, starting a run of 11 consecutive wins.
  • October 17, 1915: Won 0–6 to record their best ever away win in the fixture.
  • June 29, 1916: Won 8–0 in a qualifier for the 1916 Copa de Honor. Then, finally Central of won that national official cup.
  • 1917: Won 9–0 to record the biggest ever win in the official's derby fixture.
  • December 19, 1971: Won 1–0 in the semi-final of the Nacional championship. Then, finally Central was the Argentine Champion.
  • April 11, 1975: Won 1–0 in a Copa Libertadores playoff to eliminate Newell's and progress to the 2nd round.
  • 1980: Won 3:1 in the aggregate in the semi-final of the National Championship. It was 3:0 at home and 0:1 at Newell's stadium. Then, as in 1971, Rosario Central won the final, and was the Argentina's champion again.
  • August 29, 2005: Won 1–0 in the second leg of a Copa Sudamericana preliminary round, to progress 1–0 on aggregate.
  • November 1, 2018: Won 1–2 in the 2017–18 Copa Argentina in quarter finals. Then, Rosario Central won the final, and was the champion of the tournament.

References

References

  1. (20 March 2022). "Rosario v Newell's Old Boys delayed after 'number of grenades' damage pitch".
  2. "Di María y un golazo inolvidable para el triunfo a Rosario Central sobre Newell´s por el Torneo Clausura".
  3. https://www.ole.com.ar/rosario-central/titulos-rosario-central-largo-historia_0_aXkadjDj1V.html ''Todos los títulos de Rosario Central en la historia''. Diario Olé, 16 December 2024.
  4. [https://www.lacapital.com.ar/ovacion/los-castigos-la-afa-newells-n1710195.html Los castigos de la AFA a Newell's] on ''La Capital'', 29 Nov 2018
  5. [https://elpais.com/diario/1988/11/29/deportes/596761211_850215.html El partido Newell's Old Boys-Rosario Central, suspendido con 68 detenidos y 44 heridos] by CARLOS ARES, ''El País'', 28 NOV 1988
  6. https://www.rosario3.com/deportes/Triunfo-historico-para-Central-en-los-clasicos-rosarinos-por-primera-vez-gano-cinco-al-hilo-sobre-Newells-20250823-0042.html Triunfo histórico para Central en los clásicos rosarinos: por primera vez, ganó cinco al hilo sobre Newell's. Rosario3.com
  7. "Los pibes de Central se consagraron campeones de la Copa Santa Fe".
  8. "Central es el nuevo campeón de la Copa Santa Fe".
Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Rosario derby — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report