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Roman Africa

History of northern Africa under Roman rule

Roman Africa
Summary

History of northern Africa under Roman rule

colonia]]'' under the emperor [[Trajan
Mosaic from [[El Djem]], Tunisia

Roman Africa or Roman North Africa is the culture of Roman Africans that developed from 146 BC, when the Roman Republic defeated Carthage and the Punic Wars ended, with subsequent institution of Roman Imperial government, through the 5th and 6th centuries AD under Byzantine Imperial control. In referring to "Africa", the Romans themselves meant mainly Africa Proconsularis or Mediterranean Africa, with Roman Egypt a separate province having a distinct Greco-Egyptian culture and society, and Aethiopia representing the largely unknown bounds of sub-Saharan Africa. The loose geography of "Roman Africa" encompasses primarily present-day Tunisia, Algeria and Libya.

Government

The Roman Imperial and later the Byzantine presence manifested in a series of evolving but defined administrative provinces. In the late Republic (starting in the mid-2nd century BC) through the Principate and the Crisis of the Third Century, these were:

  • the original province of Africa, organized around the metropolis of Carthage under the first Roman governor of Africa, Scipio Aemilianus;
  • from 25 BC, Africa Proconsularis, from which the province of Numidia (northeastern Algeria) was detached;
  • Mauretania, colonized under the first Roman emperor, Augustus, and annexed as a province under Claudius in AD 44, from which the provinces Mauretania Tingitana (in northern Morocco) and Mauretania Caesariensis (in Algeria) were created and retained until the Vandal conquest in AD 429;
  • Tripolitania (Libya) and Africa Byzacena (Tunisia), subdivided from proconsular Africa (thereafter also known as Africa Zeugitana) under the emperor Diocletian.

After Diocletian's formation of the Tetrarchy, the Diocese of Africa was the overarching imperial administration of North Africa, excluding Mauretania Tingitana.

Byzantine North Africa (AD 533 through ca. 698/700) was governed as:

  • Praetorian prefecture of Africa (AD 534–591);
  • Exarchate of Africa (AD 591–698).

Culture

North Africa is particularly known for the abundance and quality of its Roman-era mosaics and for its influence on the intellectual development of Christianity in late antiquity through theologians such as Tertullian, Cyprian, and Augustine of Hippo.

References

Sources

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  • {{cite book | editor1-last = Clark | editor1-first = Elizabeth A. | editor2-last = Smith | editor2-first = Zachary B.

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Religion

  • {{cite book | editor1-last = Burns | editor1-first = J. Patout | editor2-last = Jenson | editor2-first = Robin M.

  • {{cite book

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  • {{cite book

Mosaics

  • {{cite book
  • {{cite book | editor-last = Abed | editor-first = Aïcha Ben | editor-link = Aïcha Ben Abed

category:Provinces of the Roman Republic

Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

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