Riccardoella limacum

Hosts

Mite infection among gastropod populations varies greatly. Dense gastropod population favors infection; isolated populations may remain uninfected. Older and larger gastropods are more likely to show infection. Mites have been observed to move from host to host when hosts mate, and when gastropods congregate in moist soil and under rocks during the day. It has been shown that mites move preferentially towards fresh mucus when they travel along mucus, enabling them to follow mucus trails to new hosts. Once infected, individual gastropods take longer to mature and show reduced mating, activity, and feeding. Infected slugs and snails lay fewer eggs than uninfected individuals. Infected gastropods also show decreased winter survival rates.

At least 31 species of mollusks are exploited. Common hosts include the following:

Note that, as recent studies show that R. limacum is usually limited to snails, this host list deserves revision.

• Deroceras agreste
• Arianta arbustorum
• Arion ater
• Arion hortensis
• Cornu aspersum
• Helix pomatia
• Limax maximus
• Milax budapestensis
• Milax gagates
• Milax sowerbyi
• Oxychilus draparnaudi

Taxonomy

The slug mite was first identified in 1710 by entomologist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur. Three species were subsequently named, though they were synonymized as Riccardoella limacum in 1946.

Life cycle

Slug mites are a one-host mite. It is possible for a mite to be born, live, and die on a single host.

Mites have two sexes. Their five-stage life cycle is as follows: Females lay eggs in the host lung, and then the eggs hatch in 8–12 days as six-legged larva in the lungs of hosts and undergo three nymph stages. The whole life cycle can take place in 20 days under ideal conditions. Eggs do not hatch while the host is hibernating.

Economic impact and treatment

Slug mites are a concern for commercial and hobbyist breeders of snails; as few as six mites can sicken an individual and make it susceptible to infection by threadworms and bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Countermeasures include regular washing and introduction of Hypoaspis miles, a predatory species of mite which feeds upon slug mites.

References

Other sources

• Baur B. and Schupbach H.U. (2008). "Parasitic mites influence fitness components of their host, the land snail arianta arbustrorum". Invertebrate biology, 127 (3), 350-356
• Baur A. and Baur B. (2005). "Interpopulation variation in the prevalence and intensity of parasitic mite infection in the land snail Arianta arbustrum". Invertebrate biology 124 (3), 194-201

References

1. Schüpbach HU, Baur B. (December 2008). "Experimental evidence for a new transmission route in a parasitic mite and its mucus-dependent orientation towards the host snail". [[Parasitology (journal).
2. (2010). "The Slug Mite Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) Oudemansi (Prostigmata, Ereynetidae) from Ukraine". Vestnik Zoologii.