Repulsive guidance molecule A

Function

RGMa is a repulsive guidance molecule for retinal axons. Furthermore, neogenin functions as a receptor for RGM. Neogenin overexpression and RGM downexpression in the developing embryonic neural tube induces apoptosis. The apoptotic activity of neogenin in the neural tube is associated with cleavage of its cytoplasmic domain by caspases.

RGMA belongs to a family of repulsive guidance molecules that are (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-linked cell-membrane-associated proteins. The three proteins, RGMa (this protein), RGMb and RGMc are 40-50% identical to each other, and share similarities in predicted protein domains and overall structure. All three RGM proteins appear capable of binding selected BMPs (bone morphogenetic proteins).

RGMs may play inhibitory roles in prostate cancer by suppressing cell growth, adhesion, migration and invasion. RGMs can coordinate Smad-dependent and Smad-independent signalling of BMPs in prostate cancer and breast cancer cells. RGMa is also pointed as a component of the mechanisms that determine skeletal cell fusion via neogenin receptor.

References

References

1. (October 2009). "The RGM/DRAGON family of BMP co-receptors". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews.
2. "Entrez Gene: RGMA RGM domain family, member A".
3. (September 2002). "RGM is a repulsive guidance molecule for retinal axons". Nature.
4. (August 2004). "Neogenin mediates the action of repulsive guidance molecule". Nat. Cell Biol..
5. (August 2004). "RGM and its receptor neogenin regulate neuronal survival". Nat. Cell Biol..
6. (September 2009). "Molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry of the repulsive guidance molecule family". Biochem. J..
7. (March 2012). "Repulsive guidance molecule B (RGMB) plays negative roles in breast cancer by coordinating BMP signaling". J Cell Biochem.
8. (February 2012). "Repulsive guidance molecules, novel bone morphogenetic protein co-receptors, are key regulators of the growth and aggressiveness of prostate cancer cells". Int. J. Oncol..
9. (2021). "RGMa can induce skeletal muscle cell hyperplasia via association with neogenin signalling pathway". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal.
10. (2014). "Repulsive Guidance Molecules a, b and c Are Skeletal Muscle Proteins, and Repulsive Guidance Molecule a Promotes Cellular Hypertrophy and is Necessary for Myotube Fusion". Cells Tissues Organs.
11. (2012). "RGMaandRGMbexpression pattern during chicken development suggest unexpected roles for these repulsive guidance molecules in notochord formation, somitogenesis, and myogenesis". Developmental Dynamics.