Repton

History

Christianity was reintroduced to the Midlands at Repton, where some of the Mercian royal family under Peada were baptised in AD 653. Soon a double abbey under an abbess was built.

In 669 St Chad, the Bishop of Mercia, translated his see from Repton to Lichfield. Offa, King of Mercia, seemed to resent his own bishops paying allegiance to the Archbishop of Canterbury in Kent who, while under Offa's control, was not of his own kingdom of Mercia. Offa therefore created his own Archdiocese of Lichfield, which presided over all the bishops from the Humber to the Thames. Repton was thus the forebear of the archdiocese of Lichfield, a third archdiocese of the English church: Lichfield, the other two being Canterbury and York. This lasted for only 16 years, however, before Mercia returned to being under the Archbishopric of Canterbury.

At the centre of the village is the Church of England parish church dedicated to Wystan (or Wigstan) of Mercia.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle also reports that 873–874 the Great Heathen Army overwintered at Repton. The first indications of Viking presence at Repton were discovered by accident in the late 17th century by Thomas Walker who found a pit of bones in the vicarage garden. A hogback tombstone was discovered sometime during 1801–1802 in the western part of the churchyard. An extensive programme of archaeological excavations, led by Martin Biddle and his wife, Birthe, that took place between 1974 and 1988 led the Biddles to identify the Viking camp with a D-shaped earthwork that they identified on a bluff, overlooking an arm of the River Trent. In more recent times the view that the entire Viking army spent the winter in this small (0.4 ha.) D-shaped enclosure has been challenged.

A new set of excavations led by Cat Jarman and Mark Horton began in 2015 with a geophysical survey of the vicarage conducted which revealed new structures. During the 2016–2017 excavations, ground-penetrating radar surveys revealed more possible structures that were subsequently excavated and proved to be grave deposits. These contained a number of pits and stone features such as broken quern stones and a fragment of a carved sandstone cross shaft.

The Biddles also re-opened a mound containing a mass grave containing the remains of at least 264 individuals which they also believed to be associated with the Viking army. The bones were disarticulated and mostly jumbled together. Forensic study revealed that the individuals ranged in age from their late teens to about forty, 80% were male where sex could be determined. Five associated pennies fit well with the overwintering date of 873–874 and this date was later confirmed by a reassessment of the radiocarbon dates.

An early 18th century account describes how, in the last quarter of the 17th century, Thomas Walker, a workman looking for stone, opened the mound and found the skeleton of a "nine foot tall" man in a stone coffin in the remains of a building. According to the account, human bones had been neatly stacked around the coffin.

Parish church

Main article: St Wystan's Church, Repton

The church is notable for its Anglo-Saxon crypt, which was built in the 8th century AD as a mausoleum for the Mercian royal family. Wystan, or Wigstan, was a prince of Mercia who was murdered by his guardian in 849, in the reign of Wiglaf. His remains were buried in the crypt at Repton and miracles were ascribed to them. Repton proceeded to become a place of pilgrimage; Wigstan was later canonised and became the patron saint of the church.

At the north edge of the village is St Wystan's Church, an Anglo-Saxon church dedicated to the Anglo-Saxon Saint Wystan (or Wigstan) and designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building. The 8th-century crypt beneath the church was the original burial place of Saint Wigstan, as well as his grandfather, King Wiglaf of Mercia. Also buried there is King Æthelbald of Mercia, under whose reign the building was first constructed, and for whom it was first converted to a mausoleum. Upon the burial of St Wigstan, the crypt became a shrine and place of pilgrimage.

It has been suggested that the crypt at Repton later influenced the design of both the spiral-columned shrine of Edward the Confessor and the Cosmati Coronation Pavement in Westminster Abbey, both commissioned by Henry III, based on close correspondence of their dimensions and design.

The cruciform Anglo-Saxon church itself has had several additions and restorations throughout its history. These include Medieval Gothic north and south aisles in the nave that were rebuilt in the 13th century and widened early in the 14th century, and the addition in 1340 of the west tower and recessed spire. The church was also restored between 1885 and 1886 by Arthur Blomfield.

Notable people

• King Æthelbald of Mercia (??-757) the King of Mercia
• Beornred of Mercia (died 757) briefly, King of Mercia was buried here
• King Wiglaf of Mercia ((died 839), King of Mercia from 827 to 829 and from 830 to 839, was buried here.
• Saint Wigstan of Mercia (??–840) buried here, but his remains were later removed to Evesham Abbey.
• Samuel Shaw (1635–1696), an English nonconformist minister.
• Walter Somers (1839–1917), engineer, industrialist and businessman, established a forge company
• Basil Rathbone (1892–1967), actor, lived here in his childhood
• John Auden (1894–1959), solicitor, deputy coroner for Staffordshire, a soldier in WWI (and MC) and a collector of natural history.
• Elsie Steele (1899–2010), the oldest documented person in Britain at the time of her death, lived at the Dales Residential Home during the final few years of her life
• Bob Roseveare (1923–2004), a codebreaker at Bletchley Park during World War II and a schoolteacher.

Sport

• Frederick Peach (1882–1965), cricketer who played 12 first-class cricket games for Derbyshire
• Neville Ford (1906–2000), cricketer who played in 75 First-class cricket matches
• Russell Osman (born 1959), footballer who played 595 games including 294 for Ipswich Town & 11 for England.

Gallery

File:ReptonThatch2.JPG|Thatching in progress, May 2007 File:Saxon crypt at Repton - geograph.org.uk - 1089547.jpg|Crypt at St Wystan's Church File:Repton Mount Pleasant.JPG|Mount Pleasant File:Bulls Head Repton.JPG|Bull's Head

References

References

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