Repentance

Judaism

Main article: Repentance in Judaism

Repentance (, literally, "return", pronounced tshuva or teshuva) is one element of atoning for sin in Judaism. Judaism recognizes that everybody sins on occasion, but that people can stop or minimize those occasions in the future by repenting for past transgressions. Thus, the primary purpose of repentance in Judaism is ethical self transformation.

A Jewish penitent is traditionally known as a baal teshuva (lit., "master of repentance" or "master of return") (; for a woman: , baalat teshuva; plural: , baalei teshuva). An alternative modern term is hozer beteshuva () (lit., "returning in repentance"). "In a place where baalei teshuva stand", according to halakha, "even the full-fledged righteous do not stand."Koren Talmud Bavli: Berakhot 34b. Editor-in-chief, Tzvi Hersh Weinreb. Koren Publishers Jerusalem, 2012. See commentary by Adin Evan-Israel Steinsaltz on p. 230.

Christianity

Main article: Repentance in Christianity

Repentance is a stage in Christian salvation where the believer turns away from sin. As a distinct stage in the ordo salutis, the Reformed theological tradition argues that it occurs after faith. In Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Lutheran theology, repentance is part of the larger theological concept behind the sacrament of confession and absolution.

Christian denominations that adhere to the liturgical kalendar, such as Catholicism, Lutheranism, Moravianism and Anglicanism, focus on repentance especially during the season of Lent, while emphasizing its importance in the life of the believer throughout the year.

Islam

Main article: Repentance in Islam

Tawba is the Islamic concept of repenting to God due to performing any sins and misdeeds. It is a direct matter between a person and God, so there is no intercession. There is no original sin in Islam. It is the act of leaving what God has prohibited and returning to what he has commanded. The word denotes the act of being repentant for one's misdeeds, atoning for those misdeeds, and having a strong determination to forsake those misdeeds (remorse, resolution, and repentance). If someone sins against another person, restitution is required.

Hinduism

Dharma Shastras and Vedas advocate for self-reflection, repentance paschatapa and atonement prayaschitta. Stories such as that of Ajamila speak about forgiveness by grace of God even to the worst sinners.

Buddhism

The Buddha considered shame over doing wrong (Pali: hiri) and fear of the consequences of wrongdoing (Pali:otappa) as essential safeguards against falling into evil ways and further as extremely useful in the path of purification. Also recommended was the regular practice of self-assessment or wise reflection (Pali: yoniso manasikara) on one's own actions in relation to others and the bigger picture.

In Mahayana Buddhism, one of the most common repentance verses used for reflection is Samantabhadra's Repentance Verse taken from Chapter 40 of the Flower Adornment Sutra: For all the evil deeds I have done in the past Created by my body, mouth, and mind, From beginningless greed, anger, and delusion, I now know shame and repent of them all.

Hawaiian religion

Hooponopono (ho-o-pono-pono) is an ancient practice in Hawaiian religion of reconciliation and forgiveness, combined with (repentance) prayers. Similar forgiveness practices were performed on islands throughout the South Pacific, including Samoa, Tahiti and New Zealand. Traditionally hooponopono is practiced by healing priests or kahuna lapaau among family members of a person who is physically ill. Modern versions are performed within the family by a family elder, or by the individual alone.

References

References

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4. Demarest, ''The Cross and Salvation'', 37.
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6. (1 January 2019). "A Parent's Guide to Lent". Axis.
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8. "Repentance - Oxford Islamic Studies Online".
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11. "Regret and Repentance".
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