Reggio, Louisiana

Etymology and usage

The community was originally named for the Montaña y Barranco de Bencheque, a mountain and ravine on the island of Tenerife near Icod de los Vinos where many of the Canary Islander colonists originated. The name comes from the Guanche language and is believed to mean "the place of the trees" or "the place of the plant". An individual from the community is known as a Benchecano.

The latter name for the community, Reggio, originates from Louis de Reggio, the owner of the sugarcane plantation that was located in the same area.

The distinction between the Reggio plantation and the community of Bencheque had been maintained into the 20th century. Towards the second half of the century, Reggio came to refer to the former area of the plantation and Bencheque. Isleños, particularly those who know Spanish, maintain this distinction and their descendants continue to do so today. Legal descriptions of land tracts in the settlement use Bencheque while Reggio has been used by St. Bernard Parish Government, the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and other organizations.

History

Beginning in 1779, Canary Islanders came to be settled by the Spanish government along Bayou Terre-aux-Beoufs in what would become St. Bernard Parish. The entire settlement was referred to as the Población de San Bernardo (St. Bernard Population) and was composed of various establecimientos (establishments) or puestos (posts), which were smaller communities. These establecimientos ran along Bayou Terre-aux-Boeufs starting just past the western limit of Saint Bernard and extending to Delacroix Island. One of the larger communities, established in 1783, was the quinto establecimiento (fifth establishment) which would come to be known as "Bencheque."

In the 1790s, the New Orleanian Louis de Reggio purchased land from the Isleños to establish a sugar plantation. The plantation eventually extended from the Olivier plantation all the way to Wood Lake. In 1836, the Mexican Gulf Railroad was established and linked the Reggio plantation, along with other plantations of St. Bernard Parish, to the city of New Orleans. Following the American Civil War, Isleños began to relocate to Bencheque to fish, trap, hunt, and gather Spanish moss. While changes came to the rest of Louisiana following the Reconstruction era, the Isleños remained largely rural and unchanged.

With the turn of the twentieth century, the benchecanos suffered various hardships. The 1915 New Orleans hurricane left many Isleños dead and every house at Bencheque was either badly damaged or completely destroyed. Two years later, the Spanish flu swept through St. Bernard Parish and required the mass burial of over one thousand people, mostly Isleños, at St. Bernard Catholic Cemetery. The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and subsequent dynamiting of a levee at Caernarvon left the community completely inundated.

Increased urbanization, greater access to education, and improved roads led to residents leaving in search of security and job opportunities. In 1965, Hurricane Betsy made landfall with Louisiana and once again leveled the homes of the community. This event dealt a serious blow to the prevalence of Isleño culture in the traditional Isleño communities of the St. Bernard Parish. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina devastated the region. Very few of the original families returned to the community to rebuild and new ones moved into available property.

References

References

1. {{cite gnis. 1628038. Reggio. May 27, 2020
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3. Hyland, William de Marigny. "Los Isleños – A Historic Overview".
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5. (1983). "Mosquitoes and High Water". Center for New American Media.
6. Harris, Sara-Ann. "The Evolution of the Isleño Identity".
7. Miloshoff, Andrew. (2020-05-26). "The Last Echoes of Spanish Louisiana: Observations of the Isleño Spanish Dialect of St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana". 2020 JHU Richard Macksey National Undergraduate Humanities Research Symposium.
8. Pérez, Buenaventura Pérez. (2007). "La Toponimia Guanche (Tenerife) Nueva Aportacion a la Linguistica Aborigen de las Islas Canrias". Ediciones IDEA.
9. Armistead, Samuel G.. (1994). "Un topónimo guanche en Luisiana". Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Facultad de Filología de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria.
10. Reyes García, Ignacio. (2017-09-24). "Bencheque".
11. (1917-02-24). "Leon Holzhalb Heads Road Commission; Resurfacing Violet-Poydras Road Discussed". The St. Bernard Voice.
12. Armistead, Samuel G.. (1992). "The Spanish Tradition in Louisiana". Juan de la Cuesta.
13. Bergeron Turner, Jaylynn. (2020). "2020 Assessment Listing". St. Bernard Parish Government.
14. (2019-04-08). "Re: Permit Application #MVN-2018-1120-EOO(Mid-Breton Sediment Diversion)". St. Bernard Parish Government.
15. (2012). "St. Bernard Parish: West Section". United States Geological Survey.
16. "Reggio Plantation sign".
17. United States Congress. (1834). "American State Papers: Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States". Gales and Seaton.
18. (1915-10-02). "Severe storm destroys life and property". The St. Bernard Voice.
19. Hyland, William de Marigny. (2020-04-23). "Louis Alfred Ducros M.D.: Biographical Sketch". Los Isleños Heritage and Cultural Society of St. Bernard Newsletter.
20. (December 2007). "Through the Eye of Katrina: The Past as Prologue". Journal of American History.
21. Ouchley, Kelby. "Hurricane Betsy".
22. Laviolette, Julie Landry. (2015-08-28). "Hell & High Water: How Hurricane Katrina transformed St. Bernard". Miami Herald.