Recep Peker

Early life

Born in Istanbul on 5 February 1889, his father was named Mustafa and was of Lezgi descent, migrated to Anatolia from the Dagestan region of the Caucasus.

He studied at the Military College following his graduation from the Kuleli Military High School, where he enrolled after completing his primary and secondary education at Koca Mustafa Pasha Primary School and Military Middle School. After finishing the academy in the rank of a lieutenant in 1907, he was assigned to the staff officer class.

Recep Peker took part at the battles of Yemen and Libya, Balkan Wars, Thrace and Caucasus campaigns of the World War I. He graduated in 1919, as the first of his class, from the Staff College to which he entered in 1911.

At the second half of 1919, he served as assistant teacher of history of war at the Military Academy. He joined the Turkish War of Independence in Anatolia as a squadron leader on the 4th of February 1920.

Politics

He was appointed secretary general of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey on 23 April 1920, the day the parliament was opened. He served in this position more than three years.

In the time between his appointment as the parliament's secretary general until the Battle of Sakarya, he served in addition as the chief of Second Branch Office at the General Staff. On 12 July 1923, he was re-elected into the parliament as the deputy from Kütahya.

He was the Minister of Finance between 6 March and 22 November 1924, and Minister of Interior and on commission the Minister of Barter and Minister of Development and Housing. Peker was appointed as the Minister of National Defence on 4 March 1925 when İsmet İnönü formed a new government, and the Minister of Public Works in 1927. He was elected the parliamentary group spokesman and secretary general of the Republican People's Party (CHP) in 1928.

Recep Peker initiated the introduction of the "History of the Revolution" in the school curricula. He taught Republican Ideology at universities in Ankara and Istanbul in the academic year 1933-1934. His classes were known as revolution lessons (İnkılap Dersleri). He wrote a book about it. He supported the idea that women should be liberated from the sack (the veil) and that the Arabic alphabet should be replaced by a Latin based alphabet.

In 1936, he was sent to Italy to study fascist institutions. When he returned, Peker wrote a report suggesting that there should be a "Fascist Council" within the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, similar to the Italian Grand Council of Fascism. While this suggestion was initially accepted by Prime Minister İsmet İnönü, it was refused by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who subsequently dismissed Peker as the general secretary of CHP.

On 17 August 1942, he was appointed Minister of Interior in the cabinet of Şükrü Saracoğlu serving nine months. Recep Peker became the first prime minister of the multi-party period on 7 August 1946, however Peker was a strong advocate of statism and the authoritarian one-party state. As prime minister, he opposed democratization and the introduction of the multi-party system. He served in this position until 7 September 1947. In 1948, he retired from political life.

Recep Peker died on 2 April 1950, and was laid to rest at the Edirnekapı Martyr's Cemetery in Istanbul.

References

• Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the General Directorate of Cultural Heritages and Museums

before=Şükrü Saraçoğlu | title=Prime Minister of Turkey | years=7 August 1946 – 10 September 1947 | after=Hasan Saka before=Ahmet Fikri Tüzer | title=Minister of the Interior | years=17 August 1942 – 20 May 1943| after=Hilmi Uran before=Hüseyin Vasıf Çınar | title=Minister of National Education| years= 7 April 1929 – 10 April 1929| after=Cemal Hüsnü Taray before=Behiç Erkin | title=Minister of Public Works| years=15 October 1928 – 27 September 1930| after=Zekai Apaydın before=Fethi Okyar | title=Minister of National Defense| years=4 March 1925 – 1 November 1927| after=Abdülhalik Renda before=Ahmet Ferit Tek | title=Minister of the Interior | years=21 May 1924 – 5 January 1925| after=Cemil Uybadın before=Abdülhalik Renda | title=Minister of Finance | years=21 May 1924 – 22 November 1924| after=Abdülhalik Renda

References

1. Uzer, Umut. (2016). "An Intellectual History of Turkish Nationalism". The University of Utah Press.
2. (1995-01-01). "Dr. Rıza Nur dosyası". Bilgi yayınevi.
3. Özkaya, Ahmet. ''Recep Peker'in Kişiliği ve İdeolojilere Bakışı''
4. Uzer, Umut. (2016). "An Intellectual History of Turkish Nationalism". The University of Utah Press.
5. "İnkılap Dersleri".
6. "İnkılap Dersleri".