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Ras superfamily

Protein superfamily of small GTPases

The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases. Members of the superfamily are divided into families and subfamilies based on their structure, sequence and function. The five main families are Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases. The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rap, Rheb, Rad and Rit. Miro is a recent contributor to the superfamily. Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity.

The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as WASP.

In general, the Ras family is responsible for cell proliferation: Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport, and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport.

Subfamilies and members

The following is a list of human proteins belonging to the Ras superfamily:

Subfamily	Function	Members
Ras	vauthors =Munemitsu S, Innis M, Clark R, McCormick F, Ullrich A, Polakis P	year=1990	title=Molecular cloning and expression of a G25K cDNA, the human homolog of the yeast cell cycle gene CDC42	journal=Mol Cell Biol	volume=10	issue=11	pages=5977–82	issn=0270-7306	pmid=2122236	pmc=361395	doi=10.1128/MCB.10.11.5977}}	DIRAS1; DIRAS2; DIRAS3; ERAS; GEM; HRAS; KRAS; MRAS; NKIRAS1; NKIRAS2; NRAS; RALA; RALB; RAP1A; RAP1B; RAP2A; RAP2B; RAP2C; RASD1; RASD2; RASL10A; RASL10B; RASL11A; RASL11B; RASL12; REM1; REM2; RERG; RERGL; RRAD; RRAS; RRAS2
Rho	cytoskeletal dynamics/morphology	RHOA; RHOB; RHOBTB1; RHOBTB2; RHOBTB3; RHOC; RHOD; RHOF; RHOG; RHOH; RHOJ; RHOQ; RHOU; RHOV; RND1; RND2; RND3; RAC1; RAC2; RAC3; CDC42
Rab	membrane trafficking	RAB1A; RAB1B; RAB2; RAB3A; RAB3B; RAB3C; RAB3D; RAB4A; RAB4B; RAB5A; RAB5B; RAB5C; RAB6A; RAB6B; RAB6C; RAB7A; RAB7B; RAB7L1; RAB8A; RAB8B; RAB9; RAB9B; RABL2A; RABL2B; RABL4; RAB10; RAB11A; RAB11B; RAB12; RAB13; RAB14; RAB15; RAB17; RAB18; RAB19; RAB20; RAB21; RAB22A; RAB23; RAB24; RAB25; RAB26; RAB27A; RAB27B; RAB28; RAB2B; RAB30; RAB31; RAB32; RAB33A; RAB33B; RAB34; RAB35; RAB36; RAB37; RAB38; RAB39; RAB39B; RAB40A; RAB40AL; RAB40B; RAB40C; RAB41; RAB42; RAB43
Rap	cellular adhesion	RAP1A; RAP1B; RAP2A; RAP2B; RAP2C
Arf	vesicular transport	ARF1; ARF3; ARF4; ARF5; ARF6; ARL1; ARL2; ARL3; ARL4; ARL5; ARL5C; ARL6; ARL7; ARL8; ARL9; ARL10A; ARL10B; ARL10C; ARL11; ARL13A; ARL13B; ARL14; ARL15; ARL16; ARL17; TRIM23, ARL4D; ARFRP1; ARL13B
Ran	nuclear transport	RAN
Rheb	mTOR pathway	RHEB; RHEBL1
RGK		RRAD; GEM; REM; REM2
**		RIT1; RIT2
**	mitochondrial transport	RHOT1; RHOT2

Unclassified:

ARHGAP5
DNAJC27
GRLF1
RASEF

References

(March 2005). "The Ras superfamily at a glance". J. Cell Sci..
(26 December 2013). "The Ras superfamily of small GTPases: the unlocked secrets.".
(1990). "Molecular cloning and expression of a G25K cDNA, the human homolog of the yeast cell cycle gene CDC42". Mol Cell Biol.

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g-proteins protein-superfamilies

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