Rancho Monserate

History

Ysidro María Alvarado (1811–1863), son of Francisco Xavier Alvarado (1766–1831) and Maria Ygnacia Amador (1770–1851), married Maria Micaela Avila (1816–1845) in Los Angeles, California. Shortly after bearing three children, Micaela died from unknown causes, and Alvarado married her sister Manuela Lorenzo Avila.

With the cession of California to the United States following the Mexican-American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored. As required by the Land Act of 1851, a claim for Rancho Monserate was filed with the Public Land Commission in 1853, and the grant was patented to Ysidro María Alvarado on July 17, 1872.

Smallpox deaths

A smallpox epidemic began in Mission San Juan Capistrano in 1862 and appeared to be spreading south toward San Diego. To keep them safe, Alvarado sent his children to Los Angeles to stay with their uncle, Francisco Avila. The disease raged through the rancho, killing Ysidro Alvarado and his wife in 1863 along with 21 ranch hands and domestic servants. William Blount Couts was charged with murder but, despite depositions from eight eyewitnesses, succeeded in having the charges dropped because of paperwork technicalities.

Heirs

After the smallpox deaths in 1863 the rancho passed to Alvarado's minor heirs: Tomas Alvarado, Dolores Alvarado de Serrano and Lugarda Alvarado de Palomares. The U.S. Land Commission had not yet established ownership, so the home was rented to Simon Goldbaum, who used the building as a general store. A number of settlers moved into the eastern portion of the rancho, and a school and post office were built. Following the award of the U.S. patent in 1872, the rancho was partitioned three ways in 1874; each section being approximately 4500 acre.

Tomas Alvarado was born on Main Street in Los Angeles on December 21, 1841, and married María Ygnacia Morena, the widow of Lorenzo Soto, on June 4, 1864. There, the family raised six daughters and one son. Today, the adobe chapel is the only remaining structure from that time period. It has been restored with the combined efforts of the Fallbrook Financial Corporation, the San Diego Historical Society, the County of San Diego and the Rancho Monserate Country Club.

Dolores Alvarado de Serrano (born 1838) and her husband received the middle third of Rancho Monserate, and built an adobe home in the south part of what is now known as Live Oak Canyon east of Fallbrook.

María Lugarda de Jesús Alvarado (born 1842) married Francisco Palomares (born 1840) of Rancho San Jose in 1866 in Los Angeles. She received the western third of Rancho Monserate, which is closest to Fallbrook. Rather than relocating, she leased the land to R. Turnbull. In 1885 Lugarda Alvarado de Palomares authorized her son-in-law Henry Avila, husband of her daughter Concepcion, to collect rents and profits from the Palomares Ranch so that he could establish a trust for her unmarried daughter and minor children. After a few years, Avila built a house on the northern boundary of the Palomares Ranch, next to Stage Coach Lane.

References

References

1. Ogden Hoffman, 1862, ''Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California'', Numa Hubert, San Francisco
2. [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb4x0nb2b2/?&brand=oac Diseño del Rancho Monserate.] 1840s.
3. Brackett, R. W.; Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration of Northern California. (1939) ''A History of the Ranchos of San Diego County, California''. Union Title Insurance and Trust Company.
4. [http://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/267565 United States. District Court (California: Southern District) Land Case 224 SD]
5. [http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/hb109nb422/ Finding Aid to the Documents Pertaining to the Adjudication of Private Land Claims in California, circa 1852-1892]
6. [http://www.slc.ca.gov/Misc_Pages/Historical/Surveyors_General/reports/Willey_1884_1886.pdf Report of the Surveyor General 1844–1886] {{webarchive. link. (2013-03-20)
7. San Diego History. [https://www.sandiegohistory.org/timeline/timeline1.htm Timeline.] {{Webarchive. link. (2015-12-24)
8. After a number of smallpox victims were interred at [[Mission San Luis Rey]], Colonel [[Cave Johnson Couts]] of [[Rancho Guajome]], at that time owner of the mission grounds, made it known that he would not allow any further burials. However, on January 13, 1863, the family and friends of Ysidro Alvarado chose to honor his dying wish and bury him at the mission graveyard. Tomas Alvarado, present at the ceremony, wrote that, as dirt was being thrown on the casket of Ysidro Alvarado, Couts's brother William Blount Couts and two of his trusted men challenged the mourners from the wall of the graveyard, holding guns and shouting "''Como diputado del Sherif del condado, no es permitido que este Señor se entierra aqui''" ("As deputy of the sheriff of the county, [I say] it is not permitted to bury this man here.") William was aiming a double-barreled shotgun at them, and Leon Vasquez of the burial party picked up a shovel and ran toward the threat. William fired one barrel and missed Vasquez. As Vasquez jumped onto the wall, William shot him in the face and killed him. The rest of the unarmed burial party scattered in fear of their lives as more shots were fired at them, wounding two. Colonel Couts explained the incident the next day, saying "In avoiding the loathsome disease now infesting our community, we have had to resort to arms, resulting in the killing of one man." He defended his brother's actions, writing to his lawyer that Vasquez "is really not worth noticing ... He is known as a bad character."History of San Diego. Stranger Than Fiction: Vignettes of San Diego History. [https://web.archive.org/web/20071220042447/http://www.sandiegohistory.org/stranger/smallpox.htm ''The Smallpox Fear of 1862–1863.''] Archived on December 20, 2007.
9. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120301184300/http://www.fallbrook.org/history_division_of_rancho_monserate.php The History of Rancho Monserate.] Fallbrook.org. 2005–2008. Retrieved on March 28, 2021 from archive.org.
10. He received the eastern third of Rancho Monserate in 1874 and built an [[adobe]] [[chapel]] and a [[hacienda]] on the south side of San Luis Rey River.''An Illustrated History of Southern California'', p. 243. Chicago: The Lewis Publishing Company, 1890.
11. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120301184300/http://www.fallbrook.org/history_division_of_rancho_monserate.php The History of Rancho Monserate.] Fallbrook.org. 2005–2008. Retrieved on March 28, 2021 from archive.org.