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Raether limit

Maximum possible gain in a Townsend avalanche

The Raether limit is the physical limiting value of the multiplication factor (M) or gas gain in an ionization avalanche process (Townsend avalanche).

Even though, theoretically, it seems as if M can increase without limit (exponentially), physically, it is limited to about or {{math|1=αx

Heinz Raether postulated that this was due to the effect of the space charge on the electric field.{{cite book

The multiplication factor or gas gain is of fundamental importance for the operation of the proportional counter and Geiger counter ionizing radiation detectors.

Sources

The Mechanism of the Electric Spark, Leonard Benedict Loeb, John M. Meek. Stanford University Press, 1941
High Voltage Engineering, M S Naidu, V Kamarju. Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2009

Info: Wikipedia Source

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particle-detectors ionization electrical-phenomena

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