Qalati Ghilji

History

In medieval times, the area was within the heartland of the Khalaj tribe. The Khalji dynasty of India originated from this city. transforming into the Ghilji tribe of Pashtuns.

It was successfully defended by Captain John Halket Craigie and a sepoy garrison against the Afghans in the First Anglo-Afghan War of 1842, and a special medal was awarded to every member of the garison. A political mission came through the city April 16, 1857, en route to Kandahar to broker a new treaty of friendship between the British government at Peshawar and the Amir of Kabul. The party was greeted by a group sent out by the heir-apparent to welcome them and check on the party's supplies. Two companies of infantry were formed so the British could inspect the troops. Afterwards, a shura was held.

Sher Ali Khan captured the city on January 22, 1867. In the battle, he lost a son, Mahmud Ali, killed in single combat by his uncle. His uncle was subsequently killed.

21st century

In an effort to bring economic development to the area, Zabul province's first airstrip was built just outside the city in 2006. It is a dirt runway. The first flight brought in supplies for Provincial Reconstruction Team Zabul and other organizations trying to rebuild the area. Three years later, a girls school was built to attempt to improve education in the area. An initial school supply and prayer mat donation was made, and regular book drops and school supply donations were made until the PRT left in 2013. Clean water programs around the city improved the availability of clean water sources. In 2009, efforts were completed to improve the water system at the old Qalat City Hospital to bring clean drinking water to patients there.

Not all the reconstruction efforts were successful, however. In 2006, construction began on a new economic district for the city. Meant to be an area of commerce and development, ten million dollars and three years later, most of the buildings are unoccupied, unusable either due to lack of the skills to maintain the buildings or due to a lack of need for the building. The governor of Zabul refused to move into the new house, citing the lack of security.

Anne Smedinghoff, a 25-year-old American diplomat, was killed by a suicide car inside the city in the spring of 2013.

Climate

Qalat features a semi-arid climate (BSk) under the Köppen climate classification. The average temperature in Qalat is 13.6 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 283 mm.

July is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 27.5 °C. The coldest month January has an average temperature of -2.9 °C.

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Demographics

The population of Qalat is estimated to be around 49,158 residents,

Economy

The main source of income of Qalat residents is from agriculture, trade, and transport. The Omari Dam is located about 4 km to the west of Qalat. It is one of several new check dams that were recently built to counter flooding and drought.

Healthcare

The city has several hospitals and clinics. A new hospital was built in early 2025.

Sport

Cricket and association football are the most popular sports in the area. The Afghanistan Cricket Board has a cricket stadium north of the city, near Qalat Airport.

Notable sites

• The local skyline is dominated by a fortress constructed by the forces of Alexander the Great (see: Qalat (fortress)).
• Ghar Bolan Baba, a 730m deep cave historically used for religious purposes

Notes

References

References

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